BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 443 



coverts, wing--coverts, and tertials plain gray or slate-gray ; secondaries, 

 primaries, and rectrices black, edged with slate-gray, the inner webs 

 of rectrices (except middle pair) white tipped with blackish; under 

 tail-coverts white; under wing-coverts and axillars white, tinged with 

 yellow; inner webs of remiges edged with white; bill l)lack; iris 

 brown; legs and feet dusky (in dried skins), the claws paler. 



Adult male in winter. — Similar to the summer male, but maxilla 

 brownish, darker terminally, and mandil)le mostly very pale brownish 

 or brownish white. 



Adult feinale.~-'^\m\\.Vi\: to the male, but smaller and luuch duller in 

 color; olive-green of back extended anteriorly over hindneck and 

 pileum; yellow of under parts less intense, more or less tinged with 

 olive, and becoming much paler on abdomen and Hanks, the latter 

 strongly tinged with olive; bill dusk}" in summer, light-colored (as in 

 winter male) in winter. 



Young. — Pileum, hindneck, back, and scapulars dull olive-greenish; 

 wing-coverts, tertials, rump, and upper tail-coverts slate-gray, tinged 

 with olive, the middle and greater wing-coverts narrowly tipped with 

 light olive-greenish, producing two very indistinct bands; secondaries, 

 primaries, and rectrices as in adults; sides of head pale yellowish olive; 

 chin, throat, and chest dull light grayish olive, darkest on chest; rest 

 of under parts dull white, passing on sides and flanks into olive- 

 grayish. 



Adtdt m«?t'.— Length (skins), 118.1-130.8 (123.7); wing, 71.1-74.2 

 (72.9); tail, 46.2-49.8 (48); exposed culmen, 12.9-13.7 (13.2); tarsus, 

 18.3-19.8 (19). 1 



Adult female.— 'LQW^i'ii (skins), 116.8-125.5 (120.1); wing, 65.5-69.1 

 (67.3); tail, 42.9-48.5 (45); exposed culmen, 12.9-13.5 (13.2); tarsus, 

 18.5-19.6 (19. 3). 1 



More southern portions of eastern United States, breeding from 

 Gulf States (northern Florida to eastern Texas), north to Virginia 

 (lower districts), southern Ohio, Indiana (nearly whole State), southern 

 Michigan, northeastern Illinois (Cook County), Iowa (Muscatine), 

 southeastern Minnesota, eastern Nebraska (Omaha; Nebraska Cit}'), 

 etc.; occasional northward to Massachusetts (several records), south- 

 eastern New York (Yonkers), Ontario (Hamilton), and Wisconsin, 

 casuall}^ to Maine (Calais) and New Brunswick; south in winter to 

 Cuba and through eastern Mexico and Central America to Colombia, 

 Venezuela, and Trinidad. 



Motadlla citrea Boddaert, Tabl. PI. Enl., 1783, 44 (based on Figuier d ventre et 



tetejaunes de la Louisiana Daubenton, PI. Enl., pi. 704, lig. 2). 

 MlniotiUa] citrea Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 196. 

 [Mniotilta'] citrea Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 239, no. 3454. 



' Five specimens. 



