BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 385 



broad superior membnine. Rictal bristles obsolete or very minute. 

 Winjy long (more than four times as long- as tarsus), the tip well 

 produced (longer than tarsus); ninth, eighth, and seventh primaries 

 longest, the ninth equal to or longer than seventh. Tail less than two- 

 thirds as long as wing (decidedl}' less than distance from bend of wing to 

 tip of secondaries), emarginate, the rectrices rather narrow. Tarsus 

 rather short (much shorter than exposed culmen, much less than one- 

 fourth as long as wing), the acrotarsial scutella rather distinct; 

 middle toe with claw longer than tarsus; claws of lateral toes reach- 

 ing about to base of middle claw, the outer slightly longei' than the 

 inner; basal phalanx of middle toe united for its entire length to outer 

 toe, for about half its length to inner toe; hallux about as long as 

 lateral toes, but much stouter, its claw much shorter than the digit, 

 very strongly curved. 



Coloration. — Adult males rich blue or violet-blue, with lores, wings, 

 and tail (also throat or else back) black; females green above, beneath 

 paler (sometimes yellowish or buffy), more or less streaked. 



Range. — Southern Mexico to Bolivia and southern Brazil; Cuba. 



KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CYANERPES. 



a. General color blue and black. (Adult males. ) 



6. Chin and throat purplish blue, like rest of under parts; back black; inner webs 

 of remiges partly yellow. (Southern Mexico to southern Brazil; Cuba.) 



Cyanerpes cyaneus, adult male (p. 386) 



66. Chin and throat black; back purplish blue; inner webs of remiges without 



yellow. 



c. Black of throat not extending beyond, truncated posteriorly; general color 



violet-blue (smalt or hyacinth). (Colombia to Bolivia and eastern Peru.) 



Cyanerpes casruleus, adult male ( extralimital ') 

 cc. Black of throat extending over chest, rounded or convex posteriorly; general 

 color ultramarine or french blue. 

 d. Larger (wing 52.1-60.4, exposed culmen 15.5-19.6); blue color duller. 

 ( Isthmus of Panama to Guatemala. ) 



Cyanerpes lucidus, adult male (p. 389) 



^Cyanerpes c^eruleus (Linnseus). 



ICerthia] a^rulea Linnmvs, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, i, 1758, 118; ed. 12, i, 1766, 185. 



Clwreba] aerulea Vieillot, Enc. Meth., ii, 1823, 610. 



Careia ca'?Wea Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 33. 



A{rhelorhina] coent/ea Cabanis, in Schomburgk'sReise Brit. Guiana, iii, 1848, 675. 



Cyanerpes aeruleus Oberholser, Auk, xvi, Jan., 1899, 34 (synonymy; geog. range). 



[Cert/no] ochrochlora Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, pt. i, 1788, 472 (based on Yelloiv- 

 cheeked Creeper Latham, Gen. Synopsis, i, pt. 2, p. 734; Surinam). 



[Certhial siirinamensis Latham, Index Orn., i, 1790, 295 (based on Certhia 

 ochrochlora Gmelin, Yellow-cheeked Creeper Latham, Synopsis, ii, p. 734). 



A\rbelorhina'] brevirostris Cabanis, Mus. Hein., i, 1850, 96 (Puerto Cabello, Vene- 

 zuela; coll. Heine Mus.). 



Coereba brevirostris Sclater, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 53 (Bogota, Colombia). 



Coereba coerulea microrhyncha Berlepsch, Journ. fiir Orn., xxxii, Oct., 1884, 287 

 (Bucaramanga and Bogota, Colombia; coll. Count von Berlepsch). 



3654— VOL 2—01 25 



