BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 629 



stage of G. trichas by the ashy ca«t of the pileum and the absence 

 of l)rowni,sh on the .sides." ^ 



Adult male.— l^Qngi\i (skins), 118.1-125 (121); wing, 58.4-65 (61.5); 

 tail, 46.2-52.3 (49); exposed culmen, 10.7-12.2 (11.4); tarsus, 20.3-21.8 

 (20.8); middle toe, 12.7-14 (13.7).' 



Adult female.— hQwgih (skins), 111.5-133.8 (120.9); wing, 54.6-61.7 

 (58.9); tail, 42.7-49.8(46.7); exposed culmen, 10.4-11.9 (11.2); tarsus, 

 20.6-21.3 (20.8); middle toe, 12.4-13.2 (12.7).^ 



Eastern United States and British Provinces; breeding from moun- 

 tains of West Virginia (spruce belt) and Pennsylvania (Westmoreland 

 County), New York (Delaware, Greene, Oneida, Niagara, and Ontario 

 counties), higher districts of New England, Michigan, eastern 

 Nebraska (?), and Minnesota (Carlton and St. Louis counties), north- 

 ward at least to northwestern Ontario (Parry Sound and Muskoka) and 

 Manitoba (Winnipeg, Selkirk Settlement, Carberry, Duck Mountain, 

 Waterhen River, Swan Lake, etc.);^ during migration southward 

 through eastern United States in general (as far west as central Texas), 

 and in winter south to Nicaragua (Greytown), Costa Rica, Chiriqui, 

 Colombia (numerous records), and Ecuador (Mapoto; Machay); no West 

 Indian nor valid Mexican record. Accidental in southern Greenland 

 (two records). 



Sylvia phUadelphiaW I-Lsos, Am. Orn., ii, 1810, 101, pi. 14, fig. 6 (near Philadel- 

 phia, Pennsylvania, June). — Vieillot, Enc. Meth., ii, 1823, 449. — Bona- 

 parte, Jonrn. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., ii, 1824, 189; Ann. Lye. N. Y., ii, 1826, 

 85. — NuTTALL, Man. Orn. IT. S. and Can., i, 1832, 404.— Audubon, Orn. Biog., 

 V, 1839, 78. 



Trichas Philadelphia Jaedine, ed. Wilson's Am. Orn., i, 1832, 249. — Richardson, 

 Rep. Brit. Assoc, for 1836 (1837), 172. — Bonaparte, Geog. and Comp. List, 

 1838, 20, part (includes Oporornis agilis). — Audubon, Synopsis, 1839, 64; 

 Birds Am., oct. ed., ii, 1841, 76, pi. 101.— Nuttall, Man. Orn. U. S. and 

 Can., 2ded., i. 1840, 459.— Cabot, Naumannia, ii. Heft, iii, 1852, 66 (Lake 

 Superior).— Hoy, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., vi, 1853, 312 (Wisconsin).— 

 Reinhardt, Ved. Med. for 1853, 1854, 73 (Greenland); Ibis, 1861, 6 (Fisk- 

 ensesset, Greenland, 1846; Julianshaab, Greenland, 1853; 2 specs). 



Tlrichas} Philadelphia Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 197. 



\_Trichas] Philadelphia Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 310.— Gray, Hand-list, i, 

 1869, 242, no. 3509. 



Trichas philadelphica Willis, Ann. Rep. Smithson. Inst, for 1858 (1859), 282 

 (Noya Scotia). — Hoy, Ann. Rep. Smithson. Inst, for 1864 (1865), 438 

 ( Missouri ) . 



Geothlypis Philadelphia Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 243; ed. 1860 

 (Birds N. Am.), atlas, pi. 79, fig. 3; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 172; 

 Revie^v Am. Birds, 1865, 226.— Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1861, 322 

 (Panama R. R.) ; ix, 1868, 94 (Angostura and Dota, Costa Rica). — Dresser, 



1 Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 61. 

 '^ Eight specimens. ^ Four specimens. 



* The breeding range of this species is very imperfectly known, both as to its north- 

 ern and southern limits. 



