706 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



tinged with yellow; bill blackish in spring and summer, more brown- 

 ish, with mandible paler, in fall and winter; iris brown; legs and feet 

 pale brownish in dried skins (pale flesh color in life?); length (skins), 

 128.2-129.3 (12H.2); wing, 65.-5-69.1 (67.6); tail, 55.4-59.7 (57.7); 

 exposed culmen, 9.9-11.2 (10.7); tarsus, 19-20.1 (19.7); middle toe, 

 10.7-12.2(11.7).^ 



Adult female. — Similar to the adult male, l)ut with much less of 

 black on head, sometimes with none; if the black occupies approxi- 

 mately the same area as in the male it is umch duller and more or less 

 broken with olive-green on crown and occiput and with yellow on 

 throat; usually, the throat is entirely yellow, sometimes with a more 

 or less distinct indication of a dusky collar across the lower portion or 

 on upper chest, and the crown and occiput are blackish only next to 

 the yellow of forehead and sides of head;. when there is no black on 

 the head the pileum is entirely olive-green, becoming more yellowish 

 on forehead; length (skins), 117.3-128.3 (123.7); wing, 60.2-66.H (63); 

 tail, 52.8-56.4 (53.8); exposed culmen, 9.9-11.2 (10.4); tarsus, 17.8- 

 19.8 (18.8); middle toe, 10.7-11.9 (11.2)."' 



Young iiiale hifrst imtuinn and winter. — Similar to the adult male, 

 but black of head with feathers narrowly margined with yellowish.'' 



Young male., first plumage. — Above uniform light grayish ])rown, 

 the remiges and rectrices as in adults; middle and greater wing-coverts 

 margined terminally with light wood brown or cinnamon; auricular 

 region olive-yellowish; chin, throat, chest, and anterior portion of 

 sides pale broccoli brown or Isabella color; rest of under parts pale 

 straw yellow, clouded with pale ])rown. 



Klastern United States, west to edge of the Great Plains; breeding 

 northward to Connecticut (Suflield, etc.), southeastern New York 

 (lower Hudson Valley), central New York (Oneida, Cayuga, and Wayne 

 counties), northeastern Illinois, eastern Nebraska, etc.; southward to 

 South Carolina, Alabama, and Louisiana; occasional northward to Mas- 

 sachusetts (several records), northeastern New York (Lewis Count}'), 

 southern Ontario (Hamilton; near Port Rowan), southern Michigan 

 and Wisconsin; in winter south to Cuba and flamaica, and through east- 

 ern Mexico and Central America to the Isthmus of Panama; casual 

 in the Bermudas. 



[M<jia(:'dla'\ mitrata Gmelin, Synt. Nat., i, pt. ii, 1788, 977 (based on Mexant/cd rollier 

 di' Id (hroline, Parua rarolinenxix tonjuainx, Brisson, Orn., iii, 578; (lobe-)ii<>nrIir 

 citrin de la Loumane Buffon, Hist. Nat. Ois., iv., 538; (jlobe-)iiouclie de la 

 Louisiane Daubenton, PI. Enl., j)l. 666, tig. 2). 



' Eight specimens. 



'' Seven specimens. 



■'This phimage persists until tlie following spring, a specimen collected .Ahiy 13 

 having the feathers of the black areas as distinctly iiuugined with yellowish as any 

 autumnal examples. 



