BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 61 



grayish beneath the surface, this more or less exposed in places, espe- 

 cialh^on chest; nasal tufts and part of loral and orbital regions dusk}^; 

 abdomen and upper portion of sides and flanks rather light dull ash 

 gray or smoke gray; under tail-coverts similar, Init in part darker, 

 broadh^ margined with white; interscapulars dusky, broadly margined 

 with red ; scapulars dark grayish margined with paler gray ; rump, super- 

 ficially, red; upper tail-coverts broadl}^ margined with red; wings dull 

 slate-dusky, most of the feathers edged with light grayish and white 

 (the edgings broader and decidedly white on tertials), the greater and 

 middle coverts broadh' tipped with white, forming two conspicuous 

 bands, which are sometimes, especiall}' the anterior one, tinged with 

 red; tail slate-dusky edged with grayish (sometimes tinged with red); 

 maxilla dull blackish, mandible horn brownish, tipped with blackish; 

 legs and feet black; length (skins), 195.58-220.98 (208.03); wing, 108.20- 

 121.92 (111.05); tail, 81.79-93.22 (86.87); exposed culmen, 13.97-16.00 

 (14.73); depth of bill at base, 11.13-12.70 (12.19); width of mandible at 

 base, 8.89-10.16 (9.91); tarsus, 21.59-23.11 (22.35); middle toe, 11.18- 

 16.76 (15.19). 1 



Adult female. — General color plain smoke gray, the pileum and 

 rump and part of upper tail-coverts bright yellowish olive, tawny-olive 

 or russet, the back and anterior under parts, especiall}' chest, some- 

 times more or less tinged with the same; otherwise like adult male; 

 length (skins), 200.66-226.06 (208.53); wing, 107.70-116.84 (113.79); 

 tail, 81.28-91.44 (85.60); exposed culmen, 14.73-16.00 (15.24); depth 

 of bill at base, 12.70 (one specimen only); width of mandible at base, 

 9.65-10.41 (10.16); tarsus, 22.10-23.62 (22.61); middle toe, 14.48- 

 16.51 (15.75).' 



Iinmature if) male. — -Exactly like the adult female in coloration; 

 some specimens with the pileum, rump, etc. , reddish instead of olive- 

 yellowish. 



Young. — Similar in coloration to adult female, but duller, the wing 

 bands, etc., dull light gra3^ish brown instead of white. 



Northeastern North America, breeding from New Brunswick (Resti- 

 gouche Valley), Maine (Upton, etc.). New Hampshire (White Moun- 

 tains), Province of Quebec (Point de Monts), etc., north to limit of 

 coniferous forests; south in winter to southern New England, New 

 York, New Jerse}^, northern parts of Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois, Iowa, 

 etc., casuallvto District of Columbia, Kentucky (Fulton and Hickman 

 counties), and Kansas (Leavenworth); west to eastern Kansas, Minne- 

 sota, Manitoba, etc. 



\l,ox{cC\ enuclealor (not of Linnaeus, 1758) Linx.eus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 

 299, part.— FoRSTER, Philos. Trans., Ixii, 1772, 383, 402 (Severn Eiver).— 

 Gmelix, Syst. Nat, i, 1788, 845, part. 

 Loxia enudeator Wilsox, Am. Orn., i, 1808, 80, pi. 5, fig. 2. 



^ Thirteen specimens. ^ Nine specimens. 



