BIEDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 57 



long, the outer with its claw reaching beyond base of middle claw; 

 claws rather strong, that of the hallux about equal to its digit. 



Colors, — More or less of the head and greater part of wings and 

 tail glossy black; rump and under tail-coverts usuall\' white; rest of 

 plumage plain gray, l^rown, or yellowish above; plain gray, brown, 

 pinkish red, or yellowish below. 



Range. — Northern and central portions of Europe and Asia. (One 

 species of eastern Siberia casual in Alaska.^) 



PYRRHULA CASSINI (Baird). 

 CASSINS BULLFINCH. 



Adult male. — Pileum, lores, postocular region, lower e3'elid, ante- 

 rior portion of malar region, and chin black, that of the pileum with 

 a bluish gloss; hindneck, back, scapulars, and lesser and middle wing- 

 coverts uniform ash graj" cheeks, throat, and under parts back to anal 

 region uniform pale drab-graj'; anal region, under tail-coverts, under 

 wing-coverts, and rump pure white; greater wing-coverts black, broadly 

 but not sharply tipped with pale gray; remiges black, the secondaries 

 (especially tertials) with a purplish blue gloss; upper tail-coverts, middle 

 tail-feathers, and outer webs of other rectrices glossy violet-black; inner 

 webs of rectrices " dead " black, the outermost usually (?) with a white 

 streak, of greater or less extent, next the shaft; bill black; legs and 

 feet dark brown; length (skin), 163.32; wing, 90.68; tail, 69.34; exposed 

 culmen, 9.40; tarsus, 19.05; middle toe, 12.70.' 



Adult female. — Similar to the adult male, but under parts light 

 vinaceous-drab or ecru drab instead of gray; length (skin), 167.61; 

 wing, 81.33-87.38 (85.85); tail, 61.77-68.58 (66.55); exposed culmen, 

 9.91-10.16; tarsus, 16.51-17.53(17.02); middle toe, 12.19-12. 70 (12.15).'^ 



[The adult female of this species is very similar to that of P. j^yr- 

 rJiula himtschatica., but is appreciably darker and the back less purely' 

 gray.] 



Eastern and central Siberia, w^est to valley of the Yenesei and south, 

 in winter, to Turkestan; accidental in Alaska (Nulato, Yukon River, 

 one specimen, Januar}^ 10, 1867). 



Pijrrhula rubicilla {not Loxki ruhiciUa Guldensindt) Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat., 

 ii, 1826, 7 (female, part). 



^ It is possible that one of the two European forms occurs, or has occurred, acci- 

 dentally in northeastern North America. In Bulletin No. 15 of the U. S. National 

 Museum, 1879, p. 74, Mr. Ludwig Kumlien mentions that a bullfinch (recorded, as 

 " Pyrrliula ?") was seen by him July 19, 1879, near Oosooadluin Harbor, Cum- 

 berland Sound, which he was sure was a bird of this genus. 



2 One specimen. No. 100223, U.s.N.M, Kutluk, Lake Baikal, Siberia, March 2, 188?. 



^Two specimens; the type, No. 49955, "<?," Nulato, Alaska, January 10, 1867, 

 W. H. Dall, and No. 101978, Onon, Siberia, January 11, 1873, B. Dybowski. The former 

 represents the maximum, the latter the minimum measurements, as given above, 

 except as to length of culmen, in which the reverse is the case. 



