BIEDS OF JTOETH AND MIDDLE AMEEICA. 55 



bia, etc. ; more or less frequent in southern and eastern Greenland 

 and western Europe (British Islands, Heligoland, etc.). 



iLoxkq leucoptera Gmelix, Syst. Xat., i, pt. ii, 1788, 844 (Hudson Bay and Xew 

 lork; based on Whltc-winged CrosshUl Latham, Gen. Svnov Bird« ii" nt ,• 

 108). ' "' ' ^ ' 



Loxia leucoptera Boxaparte, Am. Orn., ii, 1828, 84, pi. 15, fig. 3.— Sw^viksox and 

 Richardson, Fauna Bor.-Ani., ii, 1831, 263.-Jardixe, ed. Wilson's Am Orn 

 n, 1834, 42, pi. 31, fig. 3; iii, 440, pi. 1.5, fig. 3.-Temmixck, Man. d'Orn., ed! 

 1835, m, 243.— Gould, Birds Europe, iii, 1837, pi. 203; Birds Gt Brit' iii 

 1864,pl.48.-AuDUBox, Orn.Biog.,iv, 1838, 467, pi. 364; Synopsis, 1839, I29' 

 Birds Am., oet. ed., iii, 1841, 190, pi. 201.-Keyserlixg and Blasius, Wirb' 

 Eur 1840, 164.-GRAY, List Brit. Birds, 1863, HI.-Macgillivray, Brit. 

 Birds, 11, 1845, 28.— Boxaparte and Schlegel, Mon. Lox., 1850 8 pi 9 — 

 LiCHTENSTEix, Xom. Av. Mus. BeroL, 1854, 48.-Reixhardt, Ibis,' I861', 8 

 (Greenland; several occurrences).— Sclater, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862 122 

 (Nova Scotia).— Harting, Handb. Brit. Birds, 1872, 116.— Coues Check 

 List, 1873, no. 142; 2d ed., 1882, no. 198; Birds N.W., 1874, 110.— Fixsch 

 Ab. XatVer. Bremen, iii, 1873, 55 (coast of Alaska); Journ. fiir Orn., 1883* 

 2<4 (Chilcoot and Portage Bay, Alaska, Jan., Feb.).-SNOw, Birds Kansas^ 

 1873, 6 (e. Kansas, rare in winter).— Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist' 

 N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 488, pi. 23, figs. 2, 3.-Ridgway, Ann. Lvc. N. Y., 

 X, 18/4, 3/2 (Illinois in winter) ; Bull. Essex Inst, vii, 1875, 20 (East Hum- 

 boldt Mts., Nevada, August, Sept.); Orn., 40th Parallel, 1877, 456 (do )• 

 Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 173.-Xewtox (A.), Man. Nat. Hist. Green- 

 land, 18/0, 99 (e. and s. Greenland, 5 specs.).— Cordeaux, Ibis, 1875, 181 

 (Heligoland, irregular, but occasionally numerous visitant).— D'Hvmond- 

 viLLE, Ois. Eur., 1876.— JouY, Field and Forest, ii, 1877, 155 (District of 

 Columbia, rare in winter).— Laxgdox, Birds Cincinnati, 1877, 8 (very abun- 

 dant wniter of 1868-69); Revised List, 1879 (do.). -Dresser, Birds Europe, 

 IV, 18/ /, 13/ , pi. 204.— Newtox, ed. Yarrell's Hist. Brit. Birds, ii, 1877 218 — 

 Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 117 (descr. bright-colored speci- 

 men) ; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 254 (Magdalen Islands, breeding- 

 descr. female juv.); Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xxii, 1883, 373 (Anticosti I., July 

 24).— Kumliex, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 15, 1879, 75 (off Bonne Bay, New- 

 foundland, Aug. 15; Conception Bay, Newfoundland, Oct.).— Drew, Bull 

 Nutt. Orn. Club, vi, 1881, 89 (Bakers Park, Colorado, 1 spec); Auk, ii, 

 1885, 16 (mts. of Colorado, 10,000 ft., in winter).— Dubois, Bull. Mus. Roy. 

 Belg., i, 1882, 7 (synonymy; geogr. range).— Merria.m, Bull. Nutt. Orn. 

 Club, vii, 1882, 235 (Point de Monts, prov. Quebec, July) .—Chamberlain, 

 Bull. N.H.Soc.N.B., no. 1, 1882, 37 (New Brunswick, breeding). -British 

 Orxithologists' Uxion, List Brit. Birds, 1883, 58.— Seebohm, Hist. Brit. 

 Birds, ii, 1884, 37.— Turner, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., viii, 1885, 239 (Ft. Chimo, 

 Ungava, abundant in winter); Contr. Nat. Hist. Alaska, 1886, 171, pi. 7, upper 

 fig. (young; Yukon district and St. Michael, Alaska).— American Orxi- 

 thologists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 522.— Anthony, Auk, iii, 1886, 168 

 (n. w. Oregon in winter).— Nelson, Rep. Nat. Hist. Coll. Alaska, 1887, 174.— 

 Cooke, Bird Migr. Miss. Valley, 1888, 181 (dates, etc.); Birds Colorado, 1897, 

 97 (Bakers Park, s. w. Colorado, 9,500 ft., 1 spec.).— Evermann, Auk, vi, 

 1889, 24 (Carroll Co., Indiana, Feb., Mar., rare).— Palmer (W.), Proc. U. S. 

 Nat. Mus., xiii, 1890, 263 (IMagdalen Islands, breeding).— Goss, Birds Kansas, 

 1891, 421 (rare winter visit.).— Macfarlane, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xiv, 

 1891, 440 (Ft. Anderson).— Fannin, Check List Birds Brit. Columbia, 1891, 

 34 (Rocky Mt. district).— Dwight, Auk, x, 1893, 11 (Prince Edward I., breed- 

 ing).— White, Auk, x, 1893, 226 (Mackinac I., Michigan, rare summer 



