ll^ BULLETIN no, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



'J. Deep i)laiitiU' tendons of Type I, V, Xn, Yh, VI, VII, or VIII, or else 

 palate des^^mognathous, or schizognathous in combination Mith rap- 

 torial feet (Striges^) or with only 6 secondaries and extensile tongue 

 (Trochili'-'), or segithognathous in combination with fissirostral gape 

 and 10 greatly elongated primaries (Cypseli^); feet synpelmous, 

 desmoi)elmous, heteropelmons, or antiopelmons, or if schizopel- 



mous'' (Upupidaj*) the palate desmognathous Coraciiformes. 



>/<j. r>eep plantar tendons of Type VII; or if of Type I the palate 

 tegithognathous (Desmodactyli) ; palate fegithognathous; feet schi- 

 zopelmous, or else (Desmodactyli) the palate {egithognathous. 



Passeriformes. 



Order PASSERIFORMES. 



PASSERINE BIRDS. 



X /-"a.v.sc/Tx LiNXAEUs, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, i, 1758, 85, 162 (includes Columbfe and 

 Caprimulgida?; excludes Certhia, Sitla, Oriohis, Corvtis, etc.) ; ed. 12, i, 1766, 

 119, 279.— Stejneger, Stand. Nat. Hist., iv, 1885, 458.— Fuerbringer, Unters. 

 Morph. Syst. Vog., ii, 1888, 1405. 



F(tssefr'mx Nitzsch, Obs. Av. art. carot. com., 1829, — ; Syst. Pterylog., 1840, 

 — .— Carus, Handb. Zool., i, 1868, 258. 



y- Passeridie Fuerbringer, Unters. Morph. Syst. Vog., ii, LS88, 1405 (exc-ludes 

 Pseudoscines). 



= Passeriformes Gadow, Bronn's Thier-Reichs, ^^og.,ii, 1893, 270, 301; Classif. 

 Vertebr. 1898, xv, 37. 



= Coracomorpha; Huxley, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 469. 



./Egithog-nathous,'^ anomalogonatoiis birds with short (nonfunc- 

 tional) colic cseca and nude oil-gland; lirst toe (hallux) directed back- 

 ward, the second, third, and fourth toes directed forward; first toe 

 with its flexor muscle {■fj.exor haUucis Icmgui^) independent of tho, flexor 

 2?erfo7Xins digitoruin; hinder plantar tendon free from the front plantar; 

 ambiens and femoro-caudal muscles absent; tensor 2^<^^tmjii hrevis spe- 

 cialized (except in Supcrfamily Pseudoscines); spinal pteryla uninter- 

 rupted l)etween the crown and upper back (except in Superfamily 

 Desmodactyli "); 3'oung- highly " altricial" (nidicolous) andgj^mnopa^dic. 



Additional characters are as follows: Only the left carotid artery 

 present; atlas perforated by odontoid process; spina externa sterni 

 large, spina interna sterni absent; basipterygoid processes absent; 



' Suborder of Coraciiformes. 



■■'Superfamily of Coraciiformes (suborder Macrochires). 



^Ste-ixegeu, Stand. Nat. Hist. IV, 1885, pp. 368-371, where the various modifications 

 of the deep flexor or plantar tendons, as worked out by Garrod (see footnote on 

 p. 10, antea) are fully explained. 



' Family of Coraciiformes. 



•'The Clamatorial (Mesomyixlian) family Furnariidte is said to be schizognathous, 

 while other Passeres exhibit a modified fcgithognathism; therefore this character 

 can not be considered strictly diagnostic, especially since two "Picarian" (Coracii- 

 form) groups (Indicatoridie and Micropodidte) are said to be completely segithog- 

 nathous, while two others, of Gallo-Gralline affinities, are incompletely so. (See 

 Nkwton, Dictionary of Birds, p. 878.) 



'■ A Coraciiform family, Upupidfe, also possesses these two characters. 



