BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 9 



r. Toes 2; 2 carotid arteries; syrinx wanting; palatines verj' long; maxillo- 

 palatines articulating with vomer, the latter touching neither palatines 

 nor pterygoids; with symphysis pvibis;^ muscle formula ABXY; neck 



naked ; primaries 16 Struthioniformes.^ 



If. Toes 3; only 1 carotid artery (the left) ; syrinx present;-' palatines short; 

 maxillo-palatines not articulated with vomer, the latter articulating 

 with palatines; without symphysis pubis; muscle formula BXY; neck 



feathered ; primaries 12 Rheiformes.* 



<hJ. Ambiens muscle absent; wings rudimentary; aftershaft enormously devel- 

 oped, equal in length to the feather; rectrices absent Casuariiformes.* 



cc. Hallux present; tibial bridge present; head of quadrate bone double; deep 

 plantar tendons of Type II; bill much longer than head, Avith nostrils ter- 

 minal; wings wholly concealed Apterygiformes.** 



' Unique in Class Aves. 



^ Struthiocameli HAECKEL,Gen. Morph., 1866, — . — Struthlokleie Stejneger, Sci. Rec, 

 ii, May 15, 1884, 155; Stand. Nat. Hist.,iv, 1885, 33.— »S'<n*</iiojies Newton, Enc. Brit., 

 xviii, 1884, 44; Fuerbkixger, Unters. Morph. Syst. Vog., ii, 1888, 1565; Gadow, 

 Bronn's Thier-Reichs, Vog., ii,'l893, 103, 299; Classif. Vertebr., 1898, ?.l.—StrutU- 

 ornithes Fi'erbrixger,' Unters. Morjih. Syst. Vog., ii, 1888, 1565. — Strut] doniformes 

 Fuekbrixger, Unters. Morph. Syst. Vog., ii, 1888, 1565; Sharpe, Rev. Rec. At. Classif. 

 Birds, 1891, 67. 



^ Unicjue in Order Ratitte. 



^ ii/ifcT Newton, Enc. Brit., xviii, 1884, 44; Fuerbringer, Unters. Morph. Syst. Vog., 

 ii, 1888, 1565; Gadow Bronn's Thier-Reichs, Vog., ii, 1893, 103,299.— Rheoidex Stejne- 

 ger, Sci. Rec, ii, May 15, 1884, 155; Stand. Nat. Hist., iv, 1885, 37. — Rheiformes 

 Fuerbringer, Unters. Morph. Syst. Vog., ii, 1888, 1565; Sharpe, Rev. Rec. At. Classif. 

 Birds, 1891, 67. — Rheornitlu's Fi-erbringer, Unters. Morph. Syst. Vog.,ii, 1888, 1565. 



^ Casuarii Sclater, Ibis, 1880, 411; Fuerbringer, Unters. Morph. Syst. Vog., ii, 

 1888, 1565; Sharpe, Rev. Rec. At. Classif. Birds, 1891, 67; Gadow, Bronn's Thier- 

 Reichs, Vog. ii, 1893, 299. — Camaroideu' Stejnecjer, Sci. Rec, ii. May 15, 1884, 155; 

 Stand. Nat. Hist., iv, 1885, 39.— MeglManes Newton, Enc. Brit., xviii, 1884, i^.—Hip- 

 pcdectryornithes Fuerbringer, Unters. Morph. Syst. Vog., ii, 1888, 1565. — Casuariiformes 

 Fuerbringer, Unters. Morph. Syst. Vog., ii, 1888, 1565; Sharpe, Rev. Rec. At. Cla.ssif. 

 Birds, 1891, 67. 



^ l_Procere!i'\ Subnohiles Svy:T)EV all, Met. Nat. A v. Disp. Tent., 1872, 153.— Apteryges 

 Sclater, Ibis, 1880, 410; Newton, Enc Brit., xviii, 1884, 44; Stejneger, Sci. Rec, ii, 

 1884, 155; Stand. Nat. Hist., ii, 1885, 48; Fuerbringer, Unters. Morph. Syst. Vog., ii, 

 1888, 1567; Cope, Am. Nat., xxiii, 1889, 870; Sharpe, Rev. Rec At. Classif. Birds, 

 1891, 67; Gadow, Bronn's Thier-Reichs, Vog., ii, 1893, 104, 299. — Apterygiformes 

 Fuerbringer, Unters. Morph. Syst. Vog., ii, 1888, 1567 (inch Dinornithes!). 



The extinct Ratite Suborders Dinornithes and J^^piornithes (or Orders Dinornithi- 

 f ormes and ^piornithif ormes ) agree in some characters with the Apterygiformes, in 

 others with the Casuariiformes. Their structure is so imperfectly known, however, 

 that I have omitted the.se groups from the above "key." Their synonymy is as 

 follows: 



Dinornithes. — Immanes Newton, Enc. Brit., xviii, 1884, 44 (includes Palaptery- 

 gidte). — Dinornithoideic Stejneger, Sci. Rec, ii. May 15, 1884, 155; Stand. Nat. Hist., 

 iv, 1885, \3.— Dinornithes Gadow, Bronn's Thier-Reichs, Vog., ii, 1893, 105, 299.— 

 Dmornitlddx Beddard, Struct, and Classif. Birds, 1898, 523. 



Ji^piORNiTHEs. — jEpyornithes Newton, Enc. Brit., xviii, 1884, 44. — yEpiornttltes Stej- 

 neger, Stand. Nat. Hist., iv, 1885, 47. — Aepyornithes Fuerbringer, Unters. Morph. 

 Syst. Vog., ii, 1888, 1565; Gadow, Bronn's Thier-Reichs, Vog., ii, 1893, 106, 299.— Aepy- 

 ornithifonnes Fuerbringer, Unters. Morph. Syst. Vog., ii, 1888, 1565. — ^'Epyornithidx 

 Beddard, Struct, and Classif. Birds, 1898, 522. 



