TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



Ornithology 1 



Class Aves 2 



Key to the Subclasses of Aves 3 



Key to the Orders of the Subclass Ornithur&e 8 



Order Passeriformes 12 



Key to the Suborders of Passeriformes ■ 14 



Key to the Superfamilies of the Suborder Eleutherodactyli 16 



SUPERFAMILY OsCINES 17 



Key to the Families of Osciues 18 



Family Fringillid.e 24 



Key to the Genera of Fringillid;',- 28 



Genus 1. Hesperiphona Bonaparte 37 



Key to the Species and Subspecies of Hesperiphona 38 



1. Hesperiphona vespertina vespertina (Cooper) 39 



2. Hesperiphona vesjiertina montana Ridgway 41 



3. Hesperiphona vespertina mexicana Chapman 43 



4. Hesperiphona abeillii (Lesson ) 44 



Genus 2. Loxia Linnpeus 46 



Key to the Species and Subspecies of Loxia 46 



5. Loxia curvirostra minor (Brehm ) 47 



6. Loxia curvirostra bendirei Ridgway 50 



7. Loxia curvirostra stricklandi Ridgway 52 



8. Loxia leucoptera Gmelin 53 



Genus 3. Py rrhula Brisson 56 



9. Pyrrhula cassini Baird 57 



Genus 4. Pinicola Yieillot 58 



Key to the Species and Subspecies of Pinicola 59 



10. Pinicola enucleator canadensis (Cabanis) 60 



11. Pinicola enucleator alascensis Ridgway 63 



12. Pinicola enucleator flammula ( Homeyer) 64 



13. Pinicola enucleator calif ornica Price 65 



14. Pinicola enucleator montana Ridgway 66 



Genus 5. Leucosticte Swainson 67 



Key to the Species and Subspecies of Leucosticte 68 



15. Leucosticte tephrocotis tephrocotis Swainson 68 



16. Leucosticte tephrocotis littoralis (Baird) 71 



17. Leucosticte tephrocotis griseonucha (Brandt) 72 



18. Leucosticte atrata Ridgway 75 



19. Leucosticte australis Allen 77 



Genus 6. Acanthis Bechstein 78 



XIX 



