BIEDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 93 



JEgiothus hrewesteri Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc, xvii, March 3,1875,441. — Ridg- 



WAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., iii, Aug. 24, 1880, 177; Norn. X. Am. B., 18S1, no. 



180. 

 Linota flavirostris . . . var. brewsteri Coues, Check List, 1873, no. 147. 

 ^giothus flavirostr is brewsteri Goode, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 20, 1883, 305. 

 Linota flavirostris brewsteri Coues, Check List, 2d ed., 1882, no. 211. 

 L. [inota] flavirostris brewsteri f Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 353. 

 Linota. brewsteri Maynard, Birds E. N. Am., 1881, 519. 

 Acanthis brewsterii Ridgway", Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., viii, no. 23, Sejat. 2, 1885, 354. — 



American Ornithologists' L^nion, Check List, 1886, 354 (hypothetical list, 



no. 17). 

 ^4. [canthis'] brewsterii Ridgway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 398. 



Genus CARDUELIS Brisson. 

 Carduelis Brisson, Orn., iii, 1760, 53. (Type, FringiUa cunhiells Linn.eus. ) 



Small arboreal finches with elongate-conical, acute bill, long, pointed 

 wing, rather short, deeply emarginate tail, much yellow on wings, head 

 partly red (in adults) and under parts white medially; sexes alike in 

 coloration. 



Bill elongate-conical, with the exposed portion of the very slightly 

 curved culmen nearly as long as the tarsus, and longer than the middle 

 toe (without claw), its basal depth decidedly less than the distance 

 from the nostril to the tip of the maxilla; gonys straight, its length 

 greater than depth of bill at base. Nasal plumules short, but quite 

 covering nostrils. Wing long (at least five times as long as tarsus), 

 pointed (three outermost primaries longest, the ninth sometimes 

 longest); primaries exceeding secondaries b}" about twice the length 

 of the exposed culmen. Tail narrow and rather short (less than two- 

 thirds as long as wing), deeply emarginate, more than half hidden by 

 upper coverts, the rectrices pointed, except middle pair. Tarsus short 

 (less than one-third as long as tail, a little longer than exposed culmen, 

 and about equal to middle toe with claw); outer claw reaching about 

 to base of middle claw, the inner claw falling a little short; hind claw 

 shorter than its digit. 



Colors. — White and gray, or white and brown, beneath, the mantle 

 brown or gray; wings and tail black, the former with yellow on greater 

 coverts and basal portion of outer webs of remiges, the latter with 

 white on inner webs of rectrices; adults with fore part of the head 

 (except lores) red, the under parts unspotted; young Vv^ithout red on the 

 head, the under parts more or less spotted with dusky. 



Range. — Palfearctic Region. (One species introduced into, and 

 partiall}^ naturalized in, northeastern United States.) 



