BIKDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 151 



Fringilla nivalis Haymond, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1856, 292 (Franklin Co., 

 Indiana, Oct. to May). 



Plectrophenax nivalis Stejneger, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., v, June 5, 1882, 3o.- 

 TuRNER, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., viii, 1885, 240 (Fort Chimo, Ungava, breed- 

 ina) • Contr. Nat Hist. Alaska, 1886, 172, part (St. Michaels, etc. ; habits).— 

 American Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 534.— Nelson, Rep. 

 Nat Hist. Coll. Alaska, 1887, 180, part (Yukon district. Point Barrow, etc.; 

 habits).— Salvadori, Elench. Ucc. Ital., 1887, 160.— Cooke, Bird Migr. Miss. 

 Yal. 1888, 184 (n. ^Missouri, e. Kansas, n. Illinois, etc.; rarely south of 39°); 

 Birds Colorado, 1897, 100 (Boulder, Denver, Ft. Collins, and Loveland; 

 La Plata Co., 1 spec. Mar. 1) ; Bull. Col. Agric. Coll., no. 44, 1898, 165 (Colo- 

 rado Spring-s', 2 specs, winter 1877-78).— Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xii, 

 1888 573 excl svn. part.— Evermann, Auk, vi, 1889,24 (Carroll Co., Indiana, 

 rare 'visit, Jan., Feb.).-HAGERrp, Auk, vi, 1889, 295 (Ivigtut, Greenland, 

 Mar 30 to Oct. 25; habits).— Thompson, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xni, 1890, o87 

 (Manitoba, fall, winter, and spring; habits ).-Goss, Birds Kansas, 1891, 428 

 (rare winter visit. ). -Stone, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1892, 151 (McCormick 

 Bay and Uppernavik, Greenland; notes on plumage); 1895, 504 (Tuctoo 

 Valley w. Greenland, breeding), 505 (Disco I., July 16).— Nehrling, Our 

 Native' Birds, etc., ii, 1896, 74.-CnAPMAN, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., viii, 1896, 

 9 (changes of plumage). -Dawson, Auk, xiv, 1897, 178 (Okanogan Co., e. 

 AVashington, winter) .-Butler, Birds Indiana, 1897, 927 (rarely s. to Knox, 

 Decatur, and Franklin counties). -Clarke, Ibis, 1898, 255 (Franz Joset Land, 

 breeding; habits). -Merrill, Auk, xv, 1898, 15 (Ft. Sherman, Idaho, 



winter). 

 RUectrophenax] )uVr,?,-.s Ridgway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887,402. 

 Clalcarius-] nivalis Jordan, Man. Vertebr. E. N. Am., 4th ed., 1884, 83. 

 Calcarius nivalis Giglioli, Avif. Ital., 1886, 56. 



Emheriza notaia MtJLLER, Syst. Nat. Suppl., 1776, 157 (based on Buffon) _ 



[Emberiza] mnstdina Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 867 (Europe, North America, 

 etc.; based on Ta,rwj Bunting, Brit. Zool., i, no. 121; Latham, Synop. Linls, 

 ii, pt. i, 164, etc.). 

 Pledrop] nines mustelinus Bkehm, Yog. Deutschl., 1831, 306. 



[Emheriza-] montana Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 867 (England; based on Mountmn 

 Bunting, Brit. Zool., i, no. 123; Latham, Synop. Birds, u, pt. i, 165, etc.).- 

 Latham, Index Orn., i, 1790, 398. i nA il^ 



Hortulanus montamis L^ACH, Syst. Cat. Mamm., etc., Brit. Mus., Iblb, lb. 

 P^edrop/ionesmoMtomt.s Brehm, Yijgelf., 1855, 119. 



[Emheriza] loiharingim Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 882, part (Europe; based on 

 Ortolan de Lorraine Buffon, Hist. Nat. Ois., iv, 323, etc.). -Latham, Index 

 Orn., i, 1790, 404. 

 [^Emheriza-] glacialis Latham, Index Orn., i, 1790, 398 (England, etc. ;=ii:. mustelma 



Gmelin, and E. nivalis Linnasus, Fauna Suecica, no. 227B) . 

 Emheriza glacialis Yarrell, Hist. Brit. Birds, i, 1843, 425. 

 Hortulanus glacialis 1.EXCH, Syst. Cat. Mam., etc., Brit. Mus., 1816, 15. 

 Plectrophanes hiemalis Brehm, Yog. Deutschl., 1831, 304. 

 Pledrophanes horealis Brehm, Yog. Deutschl., 1831, 305. 

 Emheriza horealis Degland, Orn. Eur., i, 1849, 273. 



(?) Plectrophanes atrolarvatus Hartlaub, Naummania, 1852, 56 (Argali R., n. W. 

 North America; ex Paul von Wurtemberg, MS.). 



