BIRDS OE^ [N'ORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 155 



more slender and pointed bill, like that of C. ornatuK. The latter 

 differs from the two preceding in htiving- the tail much shorter than the 

 distance from the carpal joint of the wing- to the end of the tertials, in 

 which respect it agrees with Rhynchojyhanvs iiiccoicnl!^ but this differ- 

 ence is apparently owing to greater development of the secondaries 

 rather than to a really reduced length of the tail; the outermost (ninth) 

 primary is also relatively shorter. 



KEY TO THE SPECIES AXD SUBSPECIES OF CAI.CARIUS. 



a. Four outermost rectrices dusky at base, at least on inner web. 



Ji. Abdomen white; less than half the inner web of outermost rectrix white. 

 c. Back heavily streaked Avith black or dusky, the dusky renters to feathers 

 wider than the lighter grayish brown edgings. 

 d. Paler, with outer webs of greater wing-coverts and tertials grayish bi-own 

 or but slightly rufescent. (Xorthern Europe and northeastern North 



America. ) Calcarius lapponicus lapponicus (p. 155) 



dd. Darker, with outer Avebs of greater wing-coverts and tertials bright rusty 



brown or chestnut. (Commander Islands, Kamtschatka, and other 



pai'ts of northeastern Asia. ) . .Calcarius lapponicus coloratus^ (extralimital) 



cc. Back more narrowly streaked with ])lack or dusky, the dusky centers to 



feathers not Avider than the pale buffy broAvn or grayish buffy edgings. 



( North Avestern North America, including Pribilof and Aleutian Islands.) 



Calcarius lapponicus alascensis (p. 158) 

 hh. Abdomen liuffy or ochraceous, like rest of under parts; more than lialf of inner 

 Aveb of outermost rectrix white. (Great Plains of United States and Brit- 

 ish America. ) Calcarius pictus (p. 160) 



aa. Four outermost rectrices extensively Avhite at ])ase, on both Avebs. (Great Plains 

 of United States and Mexico. ) Calcarius ornatus (]>. 162) 



CALCARIUS LAPPONICUS LAPPONICUS ( Linnseus). 

 LAPLAND LONGSPUR. 



Inner web of outermost rectrix chiefly dusky; under wing-coverts 

 and axillars graj^ish white, distinctly grayish beneath surface; breast 

 and abdomen white in adults. 



Adult male in summer. — Head and chest deep black, relieved b}" a 

 broad w^hite or buffy stripe behind eye, continued downward (verti- 

 calh") behind ear-coverts and then backward along sides of chest; sides 

 broadly streaked or striped with black; rest of under parts white; hind- 

 neck deep chestnut-rufous; lesser wing-coverts grayish, feathers black 

 in center. 



Adult rnxde hi waiter. — Black of head confined to crown, posterior 

 and lower border of ear-coverts, lower part of throat, and patch on 



^Calcarius lapponicus colorutus Ridgway, Auk, xv, Oct., 1898, 320 (Copper Island, 

 Commander group, Kamchatka; U. S. Nat. Mus. ). 



This form is introduced on account of the possibility of its occurrence, as a straggler, 

 in the westernmost Aleutian Islands, as aa'cII as for comparison Avith the other sub- 

 species. 



