BIRDS OF NOKTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 109 



hh. Smaller with under wing-coverts mostly Avhite or yellow and 

 Avith less black on flanks (usually none); wing averaging 57.15; 

 tail, 35.31; exposed culmen, 8. §9; depth of bill at base, 7.11; 

 tarsus, 12.19. (Yucatan.) 



Astragalinus psaltria jouyi, adult male (p. 120) 

 (hJ. Pileum olive-greenish, like back, etc.; inner webs of exterior rectrices Avith 

 a white spot in middle portion. 



Astragalinus psaltria and subspecies, adult females and young.^ 

 a-. Inner webs of exterior rectrices without any white, or with only an indica- 

 tion of it. 

 (1 Upper parts glossv black. .Astragaliims psaltria columbianus, adult male 



(p. 120) 

 <hJ. Upper parts olive-green.. Astragalinus psaltria columbianus, a<lult female 

 and young. 

 aa. Outer surface of greater wing-coverts and remiges partly yellow. (California 

 and northern Lower California; Arizona in winter.) 



Astragalinus lawrencii (p. 121) 



ASTRAGALINUS TRISTIS TRISTIS (Linnaeus). 

 AMERICAN GOLDFINCH. 



Back yellow, brownish, or o-i-ayi.sh; inner webs of rectrices dusky, 

 becoming white or whitish termi nally ; under tail-coverts white ; remig-es 

 without an}- yellow, and without white at base of primaries. 



Adult male in summer. — General color pure lemon or canary yellow, 

 the lores, forehead, and crown, together with wings (except small cov- 

 erts) and tail, black; tail-coverts, middle (sometimes also lesser) wing- 

 coverts, tips of greater coverts, and part of edges of remiges, white; 

 bill orange or orange-yellow tipped Avith black; iris brown; legs and 

 feet light brownish. 



Adult female in summer.— Ahoy q olive-brownish or grayish, some- 

 times tinged with olive-grecni.sh, the wings and tail blackish or dusky, 

 marked with white or whitish, much as in the male; upper tail-coverts 

 pale grayish or grayish white; under parts dull ,gra3ash white, more 

 or less tinged Avith yellow, especially anteriorly and laterally, some- 

 times entirely soiled yelloAV, except under tail-coverts; bill horn 

 colored. .^ 



Adult male in wlnter.—SimWav to the adult femal"but Avings and 

 tail deeper black, with whitish markings more conspicuous. 



Adidt female in winter.— ^\m\\2iv to the summer female, but more 

 tinged with brownish, the lighter wing-and tail-markings broader and 

 more or less tinged with butfy brownish. 



Young. — Somewhat like winter adults, but much browner, all the 

 wing-markings pale cinnamon, the plumage generally being suflused 

 with this color. 



Adidt male.— Length (skins), 108.46-121.92 (115.57); wing, 70.61- 

 75.18 (72.61); tail, 13.13-51.31 (16.99); exposed culmen, 9.65-10.11 



1 Owing to insufficiency of material I am imable to give differential characters for 

 females and A-oung of the several forms. 



