Ill) 



BULLETIN r,0, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



(10.16); depth of bill at base, 7.11-T.02 (7.37); tarsus, 1l>. 70-14. 73 

 (13.72); middle toe, 10.16-11.43 (10.67.)' 



AcMt f emale. —Length, (skins), 108.71-121.16 (113.28); wing-, 65.79- 

 70.87 (68.58); tail, 3!). 62-46. 74 (43.43); exposed culmen, 9.40-10.41 

 (9.91); depth of bill at base, 7.11-7.37 (7.37); tarsus, 12.95-14.73 

 (13.97); middle toe, 10.16-11.18 (10.67).' 



United States and more southern British Provinces east of Rock}" 

 Mountains, north to Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, southern Labrador, 

 etc.; breeding southward to limits of Upper Austral life-zone; winter- 

 ing southward to Gulf coast. 



[Fringilhi^ iristis LixNiEt's, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, i, 1758, 181 (based on Carduelis 

 amcricana Cate!-])y, Nat. Hist. Carolina, i, 43, pi. 43); ed. 12, i, 1766, 320. — 

 Gmelix, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 907.— Latham, Index Orn.,i, 1790, 452.— Gray, 

 Hand-list,"ii, 1870, 82, no. 7192. 



FringiUa tristis Wilson, Am. Orn., i, 1808, 20, pi. 1, fig. 2. — Bonaparte, Am. Orn., i, 

 57, pi. 8, fig. 4; Ann. Lye. N. Y., ii, 1828, 111.— Audubon, Orn. Biog., i, 1831, 

 172; V, 1839, 510, pi. 33.— Nuttall, Man. Orn. U. S. and Canada, i, 1832, 507. 



F.[_ringilla^ tristis Gray, Gen. Birds, ii, 1849, 371. — Bonaparte, Journ. Ac. Nat. 

 Sci. Phila.,iY, 1825, 56. 



Carduelts tristis AvovBOii, Synopsis, 1839, 116; Birds Am., oct. ed., iii, 1841, 129, 

 pi. 181. 



/^pinus irist is BoiF., I.sis, 1828, 974. — Stejneger, Auk, i, Oct., 1884, 362. — Turner, 

 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., viii, 1885, 240 (off Cape ]Mugford, Labrador; Fort 

 Chime, Ungava?).— (?) Seton, Auk, iii, 1886, 322, part (Red R. Valley, 

 Manito])a, l>reeding). — American Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, 

 no. 529, part. — Scott, Auk, vi, 1889, 321 (Tarpon Springs, s. w. Florida, Dec. 

 30 to Feb. 20; Punta Rassa, s. w. Florida, Jan. ). — Cooke, Bird Migr. ]\Iiss. Val., 

 1888, 182, part (n. Illinois in winter; localities in Wisconsin and IMissouri; 

 Minnesota?; Gainesville, Texas?). — ^Jackson, Trans. Canad. Inst., i, 1890, 2 

 (Toronto, Ontario, Jan. 19).— (?) Thompson, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xiii, 1891, 

 586 (Manitoba, summer resid.). — Dwight, Auk, x, 1893, 11 (Prince Edward 

 I., breeding). — Nehrling, Our Native Birds, etc., ii, 1896, 54, pi. 15, fig. 5. 



S.ljnnus'] tristis RiDGW AY, ]\Ian. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 398, jxirt. 



Chri/somitris tristis Bonaparte, Geog. and Comp. List., 1838, 33. — Baird, Rep. 

 Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 421, part (Carlisle, Pennsylvania, St. Louis, and 

 Independence, Missouri; Leavenworth and Fort Riley, Kansas?); Cat. N. 

 Am. Birds, 1859, no. 313, part; Ibis, 1867, 289 (Bermudas, Mar.).— Sclater, 

 Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 123 (e. U. S.).— Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 

 1865, 92, part.— Allen, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ii, 1871, 271 (e. Florida, 

 winter) .—CouEs, Check List, 1873, no. 149, part; Birds N. W., 1874, 116, 



^ Eighteen specimens. '^ Thirteen specimens. 



Average measurements of a nearly equal series from east and west of the Alleghe- 

 nies are as follows: 



