BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 



159 



93.22 (89.15); tail, 55.63-62.99 (58.12); exposed eulmen, 10.16-11.91 

 (10.92); depth of bill at base, 5.81-7.11 (6.60); tarsus, 20.32-22.35 

 (21.31) middle toe. 12.95-15.21 (13.72).^ 



The whole of Alaska, iueluding- (and breeding on) the Fribilof and 

 Aleutian Islands. Unalaska, and the Shumagins; east to Fort Simpson; 

 south, in winter, through more western parts of North America to 

 Nevada (Carson City), eastern Oregon, Colorado, western Kansas, etc. 



Pledrophanes lapponkus (not FrlaglUa lupponica Linnseus) Baird, Eep. Pacific 

 R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 433, part (50 m. w. Fort Leavenworth, Kansas) ; Cat. N. 

 Am. Birds, 1859, no. 326, part. — Dall and Baxxister, Trans. Chicago Ac. Sci., 

 i, 1869, 283 (Nulato and St. Michaels, Alaska, May to Sept.).— Cooper, Orn. 

 Cal., 1870, 178 (no California record). — Fixscn, Abh. Nat. Yer. Brem., iii, 

 1872, 54 (coast Alaska) ; Journ. fiir Orn., 1883, 273 (Portage Bay, Alaska). — 

 CouES, Check List, 1873, no. 153, part; Birds N. W., 1874, 120, part; in Elliott's 

 Affairs in Alaska, 1875, 177 (Pribilof Islands, resident; haljits). — Dall, Proc. 

 Cal. Ac. Sci., V, 1874, 273 (Attn, Kyska, and Adak Islands, Aleutians) . — Baird, 

 Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 515, part. — Hartixg, 

 Fauna Prybilov Islands, 1875, 17. — Ridgway, Bull. Essex Inst., vii, 1875, 

 13 (Carson, Nevada, Jan.); Orn. 40th Parallel, 1877,464 (do.).— Bexdire, 

 Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 1877, 118 (Camp Harney, e. Oregon, winter resid.).--- 

 Elliott, Mon. Seal Islands, 1882, 128 (Pribilof Islands, resident; habits). 



\_Plectrophanes] lapponkus Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 134, jiart. 



' Twenty-four specimens. 



Specimens from the mainland of Alaska are less typical than those from the islands, 

 l)ut do not differ appreciably in coloration, except in the nestling plumage, which is 

 intermediate between that of the island birds and that of true C. lapponicus (Green- 

 laud specimens). The mainland birds average even smaller than true C. lax)ponicus 

 and have the wing and tail decidedly shorter than those from any of the Alaskan 

 islands, as the average below will show. 



The great contrast in coloration is just as marked between specimens from the 

 extreme western Aleutian Islands (Atkha, Adak, and Attn) and the extremely dark 

 form {('. I. coloratus) of the Commander Islands, as between the latter and specimens 

 from the Pribilofs and L^nalaska. 



