BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 129 



Eastern North America; hreedino- from Pennsylvania (especially in 

 mountains), northern New Jersey, Connecticut, southern Ontario, 

 northern Illinois (Ogle, Cook, and Lake counties, etc.), Minnesota, 

 and North Dakota (Turtle Mountain), north to more eastern British 

 Provinces, Hudson Ba}" (Moose Factory), Manitoba (Saskatchewan, 

 Swan Lake House, etc.); in winter south to Gulf coast (Florida to 

 eastern Texas.) 



[FringiUal purpurea Gmelix, Syst. Xat., i, pt. ii, 1788, 923 (Carolina; based on 

 Pyrrliula caroUnensis vlolacea Brisson, Oru., iii, 324, no. 8; Purple Finch 

 Catesby, Nat. Hist. Carolina, i, pi. 41, etc.). — Latham, Index Orn., ii, 

 1790, 44G. 



FringUhi purpurea \\ii.so's, Am. Orn., i, 1808, 119, pi. 7, Ii*;. 4; v, 1812, 87, pi. 

 42, fig. 3. — Bonaparte, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ii, 1828, 114. — Audubon, Orn. 

 Biog., i, 1831, 24, pi. 4; v, 1839, 500. — Swainwon and Richardson, Fauna 

 Bor.-Am., ii, 1831, 264.— Nuttall, Man. Orn. U. S. and Can., i, 1832. 



Erythroxpiza purpurea Jardine, ed. Wilson's Am. Orn., i, 1832, 119, pi. 7, fig. 4.— 

 Bonaparte, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 34. — Audubon, Birds Am., oct. 

 ed., iii, 1841, 170, pi. 196.— Baird, Am. Journ. Sci. and Arts, xlvi, 1844, 2H9. 



H.\_ieniorhous\ purpureus Swainson, Classif. Birds, ii, 1837, 295. 



Carpodacus purpureus Baird, Lit. Rec. and Journ. Linn. Assoc. Penn. Coll., i, 

 Oct., 1845, 254; Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 412; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 

 1859, no. 305. — Bonaparte and Schlegel, Mon. Loxiens, 1850, 14, part, pi. 

 15. — AVooDHousE, in Sitgreaves' Expl. ZuniandCol. R., 1853, 88, part (Indian 

 Territory) .—Blakiston, Ibis, 1862, 6 (Forks of Saskatchewan); 1863, 70 

 (Forks of Saskatchewan). — Turnbull, Birds E. Penn. and N. J., 1869,21 (a 

 few breeding).— CouES, Check List, 1873, no. 139, part; 2d ed., 1882, no. 194; 

 Birds N. W., 1874, 106, part; Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv. Terr., iv, 1878, 

 577 (Turtle Mt., North Dakota, July) . — Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. 

 N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 462, pi. 21, figs. 7, 8.— Merriam, Trans. Conn. Ac Sci., 

 iv, 1877, 34 (Connecticut, breeding). — Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 

 1878, 116 (descr. young) ; Auk, iii, 1886, 107 (mountains w. North Carolina, 

 breeding?). — Maynard, Birds Florida and E. N. Am., pt. iv, 1878, 110 (excl. 

 syn., part). — Pearsall, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv, 1879, 122 (Bayside, Long 

 Island, breeding). — Mearns, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv, 1879, 35 (lower Hxidson 

 Valley, winter resid.) . — Rathbun, Revised List Birds Centr. New York, 1879, 

 17 (Mar. to Oct.).— Brown (N.C.),Bu11. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv, 1879, 7 (Coosada, 

 Alabama, winter) .—Kumlien, Bull. U. g. Nat. Mus., no. 15,1879,75 (off 

 Resolution Island, 1 spec. Sept. 1) . — Ridgway, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 

 168. — Brooks, Ibis, 1884, 235 (Milton West, Ontario; crit. as to plumage of 

 male; descr. nest and eggs) . — Bicknell, Auk, i, 1884, 327 (song) . — Turner, 

 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., viii, 1885,239 (Moose Factory; off Resolution I.).— 

 American Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 517. — Seton, Auk, 

 iii, 1886, 322 (Red R. Valley and Swan Lake House, Manitoba, breeding) . — 

 Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus.,xii, 1888,409, part (Washington, D. C.,New 

 Jersey, New York, Illinois, Maryland, and Ohio). — Cooke, Bird Migr. Miss. 

 Val., 1888, 179 (Ogle Co., n. Illinois, breeding; Gainesville, Texas, in winter; 

 dates of migr., etc.); Birds Colorado, 1897, 96 (Denver, 1 spec. Nov. 15, 

 1885). — Warren, Birds Pennsylvania, 1890, 227 (breeding in Lycoming 

 Co.). — Thompson, Proc. TJ. S. Nat. Mus., xiii, 1891, 585 (Manitoba, summer 

 resid.) — McIlwraith, Birds Ontario, 1892, 297 (breeding in S.Ontario). — 



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