BIKDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 139 



Fringilla {Pyrrhula) frontalis Gambel, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., i, 1843, 262. 



Er-ythrospiza frontalis Bonaparte, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1837, 112; Geog. and 

 Comp. List, 1838, 35. — Jardine, ed. Wilson's Am. Orn., iii, 1832, 306, pi. 6, 

 fig. 1. — Audubon, Birds Am., oct. ed., iii. 1841, 175, part. — Gambel, Proc. Ac. 

 Nat. Sci., i, 1843, 262 (New Mexico; California). 



C. [arpodacusl frontalis Gray, Gen. Birds, ii, 1844, 384. — Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 

 2d ed., 1884, 347. 



Carpodacus frontalis Bonaparte and Schlegel, Mon. des Lox., 1850, 15, part. — 

 McCall, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1851, 219.— Newberry, Rep. Pacific R. R. 

 Surv., vi, pt. iv, 1857, 88 (valleys of California). — Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. 

 Surv., ix, 1858, 415; Cat. N.Am. Birds, 1859, no. 308; Rep. IT. S. and Mex. 

 Bound. Surv., ii, pt. 2, 1859, 14 (Frontera, New Mexico; Monterey, Nuevo 

 Leon) . — Kennerly, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., x, pt. vi, 1859, 28 (New Mexico; 

 Arizona). — Sclater, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 122 (California; n. Mexico). — 

 Coues, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila.. 1866, 80 (Fort Whipple, Arizona, breeding; 

 crit.) ; Check List, 1873, no. 141, 2d ed., 1882, no. 196.— Cooper, Orn. Cal., 

 1870, 156, part.— Aiken, Proc. Post. Soc. N. H., 1872, 199 (e. Colorado).— 

 Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 465. — Henshaw, 

 Rep. Orn. Spec. Wheeler's Surv., 1873 (1874), 78 (Fort Garland, Colorado), 

 109 (Apache, Arizona); Zool. Exp. W. 100th Merid., 1875, 241 (habits, etc.); 

 Rep. Wheeler's Surv., 1876, App. J J, p. 238 (Santa Barbara, Walker's Basin, 

 and Fort Tejon, s. California; habits). — Ridgway, Orn. 40th Parallel, 1877, 

 458 (Sacramento, etc., California; localities in Nevada and LTtah; habits, etc. ) ; 

 Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 170.— Drew, Auk, ii, 1885, 16 (Colorado, 5,000- 

 8,000 ft.). — American Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 519. — 

 Townsend, Proc. LT. S. Nat. Mus. , x, 1887, 215 (n. California). — Sharpe, Cat. 

 Birds Brit. Mus., xii, 1888, 421 (chiefly).— Kellogg, Auk, xi, 1894, 260 (Fin- 

 ney County, w. Kansas, Jan. ). 



[Carpodacus'] frontalis Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 533, part. — Gray, Hand- 

 List, ii, 1870, 101, no. 7508.— Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 129, part. 



Carpodacus frontalis var. frontalis Ridgway, Am. Journ. Sci., v, Jan., 1873,40. — 

 Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 466, pi. 21, 

 figs. 3, 6. 



[Carpodacus frontalis'] a. /rontaZis Coues, Birds N. W., 1874, 107 (synonymy). 



[Carpodacus frontalis] a. frontalis Ridgway, Orn. 40th Parallel, 1877, 458. 



Carpodacus frontalis frontalis Goode, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 20, 1883, 311. 



Carpodacus mexicanus frontalis Bond, Auk, vi, Oct., 1889, 341 (Cheyenne, Wyo- 

 ming, 1 spec. Apr. 14). — Anthony, Zoe, iv, 1893, 240 (San Pedro Martir Mts., 

 Lower California); (?) Auk, xii, 1895, 140 (San Fernando, Lower Cali- 

 fornia). — American Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 2d ed.,1895, no. 

 519.— Nehrling, Our Native Birds, etc., ii, 1896, 35, pi. 20, fig. 6.— Lantz, 

 Trans. Kans. Ac. Sci. for 1896-97 (1899), 263 (Finney Co., w. Kansas, flock, 

 Jan. 5). 



(?) Pyrrhula inornata Vigors, Zool. Voy. "Blossom," 1829, 20 (no locality; = 

 female, or male without red?). — Baird, in Stansbury's Rep. Gt. Salt Lake, 

 1852, 331. 



Carpodacus obscurus McCall, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., v, 1851, 220 (Santa Fe, 

 New Mexico; Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.; female or male without red). — Baird, in 

 Stansbury's Rep. Gt. Salt Lake, 1852, 331 (Santa Fe). 



Carpodacus mexicanus obscurus Oberholser, Auk, xvi, Apr., 1899, 186, in text. — 

 Merriam, North Am. Fauna, no. 16, 1899, 123 (Sisson and Shasta Valley, 

 n. California). 



