274 bullp:tin 50, united states national museum. 



A-. Back dull cinnamon brown or russet. 



/. Back darker, more russet, or approaching ]>r(iuts hrown. 



Junco oreganus oreganus, ailult female ( p. 283) 

 //. Back paler, more cinnamon hrown or ap{)roaching wood 



l)rown Junco oreganus thurberi, adult female (p. 2S7) 



kk. Back grayish brown (not grayer than l)ister). 

 f. Throat and chest slate-gray or slate color; outermost rectrix 

 more or less dusky at base, the second extensively so ; 

 smaller (wing not more than 80.26, averaging 76.71). 

 711. Throat and chest darker (slate color or dark slate-gray) . 

 h. Wing not more than 78.23 (averaging 7-4.93); back 

 browner. 



Junco oreganus shufeldti, adult female (p. 285) 

 V. Wing not less than 76.71 (averaging 79.50); back 

 grayer. (Northern Montana and Idaho to Alberta 

 in summei-, southward and eastward in winter. ) 



Junco montanus, adult male (p. 289) 

 mm. Throat and chest paler (slate-gray or sometimes 

 approaching ash gray). (Wing not more than 76.20, 

 averaging about 73.66. ) 



Junco montanus, adult female (p. 289) 



II. Throat and chest clear ash gray; outermost rectrix entirely 



white, the second nearly so. (Southern Montana and 



Idaho in summer, south in winter to northern Mexico. ) 



Junco mearnsi, adult male and female (p. 291 ) 



jj. Back l)rownish gray, not conspicuously different from color of 



head, neck, and chest. (San Pedro Marti r Mountains, 



northern Lower California.) 



Junco townsendi, adult male and female (p. 293) 

 a. Wing less (usually much less) than 71.12, averaging 68.83. 



Junco oreganus pinosus, adult female (i>. 289) 



hh. Maxilla more or less dusky, decidedly darker than mandible; 



exposed culmen not less than 12.70. (Guadalupe Island, Lower 



California.) Junco insularis, male and female (p. 293) 



gg. Throat and chest very pale gray, sometimes almost grayish white; 

 sides and flanks ochraceous-buff or cinnamon-buff; maxilla dusky, 

 mandible yellow; iris orange-yellow. (Southern Lower California.) 

 Junco bairdi, adult male and female (p. 294) 

 ff. Pileuni and hindneck more or less brown. (Winter females and imma- 

 ture males of preceding forms, to be distinguished 1)y additional 

 characters given aVjove. ) 

 dd. Sides and flanks gray or olivaceous. 



e. Interscapulars (but not scapulars, wing-coverts, nor tertials). cinnamon- 

 rufous or rusty; mandible pinkish; iris brown. 

 /. Maxilla light-colored (pinkish or lilaceous-white in life), like mandible; 

 anterior and lateral under parts deeper ash gray; bill smaller (exposed 

 culmen averaging 10.92). (Mountains of southern Wyoming, Utah, 

 Nevada, and northern New Mexico in summer; south to northern 



Mexico in winter.) Junco caniceps, adult male and female (p. 295) 



ff. Maxilla blackish; anterior and lateral under parts ])aler gray; l)ill larger 

 (exposed culmen averaging 11.94). (Mountains of New Mexico and 

 central Arizona in summer, south to northern ^Mexico in winter.) 



Junco dorsalis, adult male and female (j). 297) 

 ee. Interscapulars, greater wing-coverts, ami tertials cinnamon-rufous, rusty 

 brown, or olive-brown: mandible vellow; iris yellow. 



