BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 275 



/. Back, etc., bright rusty or cinnamon-rufous; pileuni and hindneck 



clear gray (not darker than slate-gray); flanks not conspicuously 



olivaceous. 



ff. Darker ( jjileuni and hindneck slate-gray ) ; rump grayish olive or hair 



brown; outermost rectrix extensively dusky on basal portion of 



inner web, the second with less than terminal half of inner web 



white. (High nmuntains of central and southern Mexico.) 



Junco phaeonotus phaeonotus, adult male and female (p. 299) 

 ffg. Paler (ijileum and hindneck ash gray); rump nearly i)ure gray; 

 outermost rectrix wholly white, the second mostly so. (High 

 mountains of northwestern Mexico and southern Arizona. ) 



Junco phaeonotus palliatus. adult male and female ( p. 301 ) 

 ff. Back, etc., russet l)rown or olive-lirown; pileum and hindneck brown- 

 ish gray; flanks conspicuously olivaceous or wood brown. 

 g. Smaller (wing averaging 69.60, exposed culmen 12.70); colors paler 

 and brighter (back, etc., russet-brown, pileum and hindneck 

 smoke gray). (Highlands of Chiapas, southern Mexico.) 



Junco fulvescens, adult male and female (p. 302) 

 ff(j. Larger (wing averaging 74.68, exposed culmen 13.21); colors darker 

 and duller (back, etc., olive-brown, pileum and hindneck dull 

 slate color or dark mouse gray). (Highlands of (xuatemala. ) 



Junco alticola, adult male and female (p. .303) 

 hh. Back broadly streaked with black; lateral rectrices without any white: tarsus 

 more than 25.40 mm. (Summit of Volcan de Irazu, Costa Rica. ) 



Junco vulcani, adult male and female (p. 304) 

 aa. Head, neck, and chest streaked. {YoHru).) 



b. Maxilla not conspicuously darker than mandil)le. 

 c. Back concolor with pileum. 

 d. Paler and browner above; chest paler, witii streaks or spots more distinct. 



Junco hyemalis hyemalis. young. 

 (id. Darker and more slaty above; chest darker, more uniform. 



Junco hyemalis carolinensis, young. 

 cc. Back more rufescent, or browner, than pileum. 



e. Ground color of pileum and hindneck brownish, of throat and chest more 

 or less buffy. 

 f. Bill pale brownish or dull pinkish. 

 g. Darker. 



h. Back more reddish brown Junco oreganus oreganus, young. 



/(/(. Back more grayish brown Junco oreganus shufeldti. young. 



gg. Paler. 



//. Bill shorter; colors darker, tlie chest more lieavily streaked or 



spotted Junco oreganus thurberi. young. 



hh. Bill longer; colors paler, the chest more buffy and more narrowly 



streaked Junco oreganus pinosus, young. 



ff. Bill dusky brown Junco insularis. young. 



ee. Ground color of pileum and hindneck more grayish, of throat and I'hest 



paler grayish Junco caniceps, young. 



bb. Maxilla black or dusky, conspicuously darker than mandil)le. 



c. Greater wing-coverts and tertials brownish gray Junco dorsalis. young. 



cc. (Treater wing-coverts and tertials reddish brown or rusty. 

 d. Sides and flanks pale buffy grayish. 



('. Darker Junco phaeonotus phaeonotus, young. 



fif. Paler Junco phaeonotus palliatus. young. 



'/(/. Sides and flanks light brown or strongly buffy. 



