BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 311 



liwack). — Fisher, X. Am. Fauna, no. 7, 1893,90 (Pahrump Ranch, Nevada, 



Feb.). 

 S.lpizeUa] monticola ochracea Ridgway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 418. 

 [Sijizella monticola.l Sub.sp. a. Spizella ochracea Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. ^Ins^., xii, 



1888,659 (Fort Anderson, British America; Briti.sh Columbia). 



SPIZELLA SOCIALIS SOCIALIS (^Wilson). 

 CHIPPING SPARROW. 



Adult inaJr. — Pileum deep cinnamon-rufous to rufotis-chestnut, the 

 forehead, more or less extensively, black divided by a more or less 

 distinct median streak of whitish; a broad superciliaiy stripe of white 

 or very pale gra}', marg-ined below by a conspicuous loral and post- 

 ocular .streak of black, the latter extending bej'ond the auriculars and 

 more or less expanded and broken terminally; auricular and suborbital 

 regions, sides of neck, and hiudneck, gray, the last more or less streaked 

 with blackish; back and scapulars lig'ht broccoli brown or drab broadly 

 streaked with ])lack. the black streaks edged, more or less broadlj", 

 with rusty brown; rump and upper tail-coverts deep olive-gra}' or 

 mouse gray, the latter somewhat darker medially; tail dusky, the 

 rectrices edged with light gray: lesser wing-coverts mouse gray with 

 darker centers; middle coverts dusky, broadh' margined terminally 

 with white or buffy, forming a more or less distinct band; greater 

 coverts dusky, edged with pale wood brown or buffy brown, tisually 

 passing into whitish or pale buffy at tips of feathers; tertials dusky, 

 broadly edged with wood brown or j^ale buffy brown; primaries dusky, 

 narrowly edged with pale grayish; under parts white, or grayish white, 

 the chest, sides, and Hanks more or less strongl}' shaded with pale gray ;^ 

 bill black; iris brown; tarsi pale brownish, toes darker; length (skins), 

 118.62-127.00 (12-1.21); wing, 67.31-71.12 (69.00); tail, 53.34-.59.69 

 (.56.90); expo.sed culmen, 8.<s9-9.65 (9.40); depth of bill at base, 5.33- 

 5.81: (5.59); tarsus, 15.75-16.76 (16.26); middle toe, 11.18-12.45 (11.68).' 



Adult f finale. — Similar to the male and freciuently not distinguish- 

 able, but usually (?) with the rufous pileum slightly less extended and 

 often more or less streaked with dusky ;^ length (skins), 114.81-132.81: 

 (122.68); wing, 63.2,5-71.37 (67.06); tail, 51.05-59.69 (54.61); exposed 

 culmen, 8.64-9.65 (9.14); depth of bill at base, 5.33-5.59 (5.59); tarsus, 

 15.49-16.76 (16.26); middle toe, 10.41-12.45 (11.94).- (Winter adults 

 have the colors duller, the markings less sharply contrasted, the gra}^ 

 less pure, the chestnut pileum more or less oVjscured by buffy tips to 

 the feathers, and the bill cinnamon -brownish, paler on the mandible.) 



^ Very rarely there is a dusky or chestnut submalar streak. 

 ^ Nine specimens. 



^Many adult males also show more or less of this dark streaking, but apparently 

 not so many in proportion as among females. 



