312 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Immature {young in fird lointer). — Essentially like adults, but col- 

 oration much duller, the pileum lig-ht bufly brownish, more or less 

 tinged or mixed with rufous-chestnut, distinctly streaked with black, 

 and with a more or less distinct median stripe of paler 1)rownish 

 buffy; superciliary stripe dull light grayish buffy, and other portions 

 of sides of head stongly tinged with the same; gra}^ of chest, etc., also 

 tinged with grayish bufly; wing-l)ands strongly bufly, broader than in 

 adults; maxilla deep brownish, darker at tip; mandible paler brownish. 



Young. — Upper parts essentially^ as in the immature plumage, but 

 pileum more broadly streaked with black and without trace of rufous, 

 and rump more brownish and more or less streaked with dusky; chest 

 and sides distinctly streaked with grayish dusky. 



Eastern United States and British Provinces, west to the Great 

 Plains; breeding from near the Gulf coast northward to Nova Scotia, 

 New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Province of Quebec, and 

 wooded region on eastern side of the Saskatchewan plains; wintering 

 chiefly in the more southern United States (Florida to eastern Texas 

 and northward); casual winter visitant to Cul)a (and eastern Mexico ?). 



Pringiila socialis Wilson, Am. Orn., ii, 1810, 127, pi. 16, fig. 5 (e. Pennsylvania; 

 Peale's Mus. ). — Nuttall, Man. Orn. U. S. and Canada, i, 1832, 497. — Audu- 

 bon, Orn. Biog., ii, 1834, 21; v, 1839, 517, pi. 104. 



Pfisserina socialis Vieillot, Nouv. Diet, d' Hist. Nat., xxv, 1817, 29. 



Emberiza sociaUs Jardine, ed. Wilson's Am. Orn., i, 1832, 271, pi. 16, fig. 5. — 

 Audubon, Synopsis, 1839, 105; Birds Am., oct. ed., iii, 1841, 80, pi. 165. 



Spizella socialis Bonaparte, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 33. — Baird, Rep. Pacific 

 R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 473, part (eastern localities) ; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, 

 no. 359, part. — Lawrence, Am. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1860, 269 (Cuba; crit.). — 

 ScLATER, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 114, part (in synonymy). — (?) Blakiston, 

 Ibis, 1863, 78 (Plains of Saskatchewan).— Gundlach, Repert. Fisieo-Nat. 

 Cuba, i, 1866, 284; Journ. fiir Orn., 1874, 121 (Cuba); Orn. Cuba, 1876, 90.— 

 Maynard, Proc. Bost. Soe. N. H., xiv, 1872, 373 (breeding at Quebec); 

 Birds E. N. Am., 1881, 95.— Coues, Check List, 1873, no. 178.— Baird, 

 Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1874, 7, part, pi. 27, fig. 1. — 

 Maynard, Birds Florida, pt. iv., 1878, 95.— Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, 

 iii, 1878, 121 (descr. young).— (?) Sennett, Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv. 

 Terr., iv, 1878, 19 (Hidalgo, Texas, May 1 and 4); v, 1879, ,391 (Lomita, 

 Texas, Apr., May).— (?) Merrill, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., i, 1878, 127 (Fort 

 Brown, Texas, Apr.).— (?) Brown, Auk, i, 1884, 122 (Kendall Co., Texas, 

 winter).— CoRV, Auk, iii, 1886, 212 (Cuba); Birds W. L, 1889, 99 (Cuba); 

 Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 112 (Cuba). — American Ornithologists' Union, 

 Check List, 1886, no. 560, part. — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., 

 Aves, i, 1886, 377, part (in synonymy). — Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xii, 

 1888, 660, part (Nova Scotia; Fort Simpson; eastern U. S. localities; excl. 

 syn. S. s. arizonx, S. pusilla arenacea, etc.). — Cooke, Bird Migr. ]\Iiss. Val., 

 1888, 200, part (localities and dates).— Dwight, Auk, x, 1893, 12 (Prince 

 Edward I, breeding). — Nehrling, Our Native Birds, etc., ii, 1896, 123, pi. 

 23, fig. 2. — Allison, Auk, xvi, 1899, 269 (Amite Co., Mississippi, breeding). 



{Spizella'] socialis Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 480. — Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 

 1872, 142.— Cory, List W. I. Birds, 1885, 13. 



S. IpizeUa} socialis Ridgway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 418, part. 



