412 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



P'lpiln marvlata Swainson, Philot?. Mag., new 8er., i, 1827, 434 (Real del Monte, 

 Hidalgo, Mexico; coll. W. Swainson). 



Pipll/o manilata Swainson, Anini. in Menag., 1838, 374. 



Fipilo maculatus Sclater, Proe. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 304 (Maltrato, Vera 

 Cruz); 1858, 304 (La Parada, Oaxaca) ; 1859, 380 (Cinco Senores, Oaxaca).— 

 Sclater and Salvin, Proe. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1869, 361 (Valley of INIexico, 

 in ticrra fria). — Sumichrast, Mem. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., i, 1869, 552 

 plateau and alpine rag. Vera Cruz). — Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. 

 Am. Birds, ii, 1874, 113, footnote (Oaxaca; Real del Monte). — Lawrence, 

 Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 4, 1876, 22 (Cienguilla, alpine reg. Oaxaca) . — Salvin 

 and GoDMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1886, 408. — Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. 

 Mus., xii, 1888, 747.— Stone, Proe. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1890, 215 (Chalchi- 

 comula, Puebla; crit.). — Nelson, Auk, xv, 1898, 157 (IMount Orizaba, etc., 

 Puebla; crit.). 



P.\_ipUo'\ maadafa Swainson, Fauna Bor. -Am., ii, 1831, 261, footnote (crit.). 



Pipilo macu/oto.TARDiNEandSELBY, Illustr. Orn., i, 1839, (81), pis. 31, 32 (Real del 

 Monte). 



P. [/piVo] uKicuJatas Gray, Gen. Birds, ii, 1844, 360. — Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 

 1850, 487, part (Mexico) .— Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 396.— Ridg- 

 way, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 436. 



IPipilo] maculatus Gray, Hand-list, ii, 1870,92, no. 7357. — Sclater and Salvin, 

 Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 33. 



\^Pipilo maculatus] var. maculatus Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. 

 Birds, ii, 1874, 108. 



[Pipilo maculatus var. arcticusl a. maculatus Coues, Birds N. W., 1874, 175 (synon- 

 ymy)- 



Pipilo oregonus (not of Bell) Salvin, Ibis, 1866, 193 ( Quezaltenango, Solola. and 

 Chinialtenango, (Tuatemala). — Duges, La Naturaleza, i, 1868, 140 (Guana- 

 juato). 



Pipilo arcticus (not <>f Swainson) Sclater, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 119, part (Real 

 del Monte). 



Pipilo submaculatus Ridc^way, Auk, iii, July, 1886, 332 (Tezuitlan, Puebla; coll. 

 Comis. Geogr. Expl. Mexico) ; Proe. U. "s. Nat. Mus., ix, 1886, 146. 



P. \_ipilo'] submaculatus Ridgway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 438. 



[Pipilo maculatus']. Subsp. e. Pipilo submaculatus Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. ^lus., 

 xii, 1888, 750. 



Pi2nlo orizabx Cox, Auk, xi, Apr., 1894, 161 CShmnt OrizHl)a, alt. 11,000 ft.; U. S. 

 Nat. Mus. ) ; xii, 1895, 357 (see Nelson, Auk, xv, 1898, 157). 



PIPILO MACULATUS ARCTICUS (Swainson). 

 ARCTIC TOWHEE. 



Similar to J\ m. maculatas but wing- long-er. tail shorter, bill, legs, and 

 feet smaller, and white on wings, tail, back, etc., more extended: adult 

 male more extensively black above, with grayish olive or olive-gray 

 replacing olive-brown on rump, etc., the scapulars and interscapulars 

 mostly (sometimes wholly) black except for the white streaks, which 

 are broader thamn P. m,. macnJatus, those on exterior scapulars occupy- 

 ing whole of exposed portion of outer webs; white wing-bands, 

 broader and white tail-patches usually much more extensive; adult 

 female much ]xiler than in P. tit. tit r/cula fits, the throat and chest light 



