BIEDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 423 



Soccorro Island, Revillegi^edo group, off northwestern Mexico. 



Pipilo carmani " Baird MSS." Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., x, Feb.j 

 1871, 7 (Socorro I., Eevillegigedo group, n. w. Mexico; U. S. Nat. Mus. ).— 

 Grayson, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xiv, 1871, 299 (habits). — Salvin and 

 GoDMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1886, 407.— Townsend, Proc. U. S. 

 Nat. Mus., xiii, 1890, 135.— McGregor, Auk, xv, 1898, 264 (descr. young).— 

 Anthony, Auk, xv, 1898, 317. 



P.[ipUo'] carmani Ridgwav, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 438. 



Pipilo erytlirophthlamHs \2ir. (vav/irtH/ Lawrence, Mem. Bost. Soc.,ii, 1874, 277. 



[Pipilo maculatus] var. carmani Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. 

 Birds, ii, 1874, 109. 



Pipilo maculatus carmani Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., iii, Aug. 24, i880, 181, 

 217, 228; Norn. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 238(/. 



[Pipilo maculaht.'^.} Subsp. ?. Pipilo carmani Suarpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xii, 

 1888, 751. 



PIPILO ERYTHROPHTHALMUS ERYTHROPHTHALMUS (Linnaeus). 



TOWHEE: CHEWINK. 



Adult iiudc. — Head, neck, chest, and upper parts black; sides and 

 flanks uniform cinnamon-rufous, sometimes margined below, anteri- 

 orh% by black streaks; anal region and under tail-coverts cinnamon- 

 buff y; breast and abdomen white; eighth to fourth or third primaries 

 with >)asal portion of outer web white, forming a more or less exten- 

 sive patch; middle or post-median portion of eighth to sixth or fifth 

 primaries edged with white, this sometimes confluent with the white 

 basal area; outer webs of tertials broadly edged with white for part 

 of their length; outer web of outermost rectrices mostly white, or 

 edged with white; inner webs of three outermost rectrices extensivel}^ 

 white terminally, the white on the first rectrix 83.02-53.34 in extent 

 (measured along the shaft), averaging 39.62; fourth rectrix some- 

 times with more or less of a white spot at tip of inner web; bill wholly 

 black ill summer, the mandible paler (more or less horn colored) in 

 winter; iris red (usually carmine or rose red); tarsi light brownish, 

 toes usually darker; length (skins), 186.94-205.74 (195.58); wing, 83.57- 

 94.49 (89.15); tail, 88.39-99.31 (94.23); exposed culmen, 13.46-14.73 

 (13.97); depth of bill at base, 10.16-11.94 (11.18); tarsus, 27.43-29.72 

 (28.45); middle toe, 18.80-21.34 (19.81); length of white spot on out- 

 ermost rectrix 33.02-53.34 (39.62).' 



Adult female. — Similar to the adult male, but with the black por- 

 tions replaced by brown (dull prouts brown above, lighter, more 

 cinnamon-brown or raw umber on throat and chest); length (skins), 

 172.72-191.01 (184.40); wing, 76.20-83.82 (81.03); tail, 80.52-89.41 

 (86.11); exposed culmen, 12.95-14.73 (13.72); depth of bill at base, 

 10.41-11.18 (10.67); tarsus, 26.16-28.19 (26.92); middle toe, 17.53- 



^ Seventeen specimens. 



