BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 615 



Adult maJe.— Length (skins), 105.10-182.88 (170.02); wing. i)7.79- 

 104.11: (101.35); tail, 72.90-78.23 (74.93); exposed culmen, 14.99-17.53 

 (16.76); tarsus, 21.08-23.62 (22.61).^ 



Adult female.— l^ei^gth (skins), 171.45-177.80 (176.53); wing, 95.25- 

 101.09 (98.55); tail, 69.85-74.93 (72.39); exposed culmen, 15.49-17.78 

 (17.02); tarsus, 21.59-24.13 (22.35).' 



Eastern United States and more southern British provinces, from 

 Atlantic coast to edge of the Great Plains (eastern Kansas to Mani- 

 toba); ])reeding from New Jersey, Pennsylvania (Delaware, Chester, 

 Crawfoi-d, Erie, Indiana, and Clearfield counties), northern Ohio 

 (Wayne County), northern Indiana (south to Wabash, Vigo, Tippe- 

 canoe, Boone, Monroe, Madison, and Clinton counties), northern 

 Illinois (south to Quincy), Iowa and eastern Kansas,^ north to Mani- 

 toba (Saskatchewan, etc.), Ontario, Nova Scotia, etc., and south along 

 the Allegheny Mountains to western North Carolina (3,500 to 5,000 

 feet); in winter south to Bahamas (Watlings Island), Cuba, Jamaica, 

 and through Mexico (both sides) and Central America to western 

 Ecuador (Esmeraldas, base of Pichincha, Mapoto, etc.) and province 

 of Santa Marta, Colombia; casual in Bermudas. 



[Lo.via] ludoiiciana Linn^us, 8yst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 306 (Louisiana; based on 

 Coccothraustes ludoriciana Brisson, Orn., iii, 247, pi. 12, fig. 2). — Gmelin, 

 Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 861.— Latham, Index Orn., i, 1790, 379. 



Lo.cia ludoviciana Wilson, Am. Orn., ii, 1810, 135, pi. 17, fig. 2. 



Pi/rrhida ludoviciana Sabine, Franklin's Journ., i, Zool. App., 1823, 675. 



Guiraca ludoviciana Swainson, Philos. Mag., n. s., i, 1827, 438. — Jardine, ed. 

 Wilson's Am. Orn., i, 1832, 277, pi. 17, fig. 2.— Bonaparte, Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 Lond., 1837, 116 (Mexico); Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 30.— Gosse, Birds 

 Jamaica, 1847, 259.— Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 497; Cat. N. 

 Am. Birds, 1859, no. 380.— Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii, 1860, 307 

 (Cuba) .— Hayden, Report, 1862, 168 (Missouri R.).— Albrecht, Journ. fur 

 Orn., 1862, 196 (Jamaica).— Dresser, Ibis, 1865, 491 (San Antonio, Texas).— 

 Sumichrast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. IL, i, 1869, 552 (Vera Cruz, winter) .— 

 Turnbull, Birds E. Penn. and N. J., 1869, 24 (breeding). 



G. [guiraca] ludoviciana Gray, Gen. Birds., ii, 1844, 357. 



{^Guiraca] ludoviciana Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 501. 



Fringilla ludoviciana Bonaparte, Am. Orn., ii, 1828, 79, pi. 15, fig. 2.— Audubon, 

 Orn. Biog., ii, 1834, 166; v, 1839, 513, pi. 127. 



Coccothraustes {Guiraca) ludoviciana Swainson, Fauna Bor.-Am., ii, 1831, 271. 



Coccoborus ludovicianus Audubon, Synopsis, 1839, 133; Birds Am., oct. ed., iii, 

 1841, 209, pi. 205.— Lembeye, Aves de la Tsla de Cuba, 1850, 59, pi. 8, fig. 1.— 

 HuRDis, Jardine's Contr. Orn., 1850, 36 (Bennudas, 1 spec. Oct.). — Maxi- 

 milian, Journ. fiir Orn., 1858, 267 (Lehigh, Pennsylvania; Missouri).— 

 Willis, Ann. Rep. Smithson. Inst, for 1858 (1859), 287 (Bermudas). 



H. ledymeles'] ludoviciana Cabanis, Mus. Hein. , i, June, 1851 , 152 ( N. Am. ; Mexico) . 



Hedymeles ludoviciana Cabanis, Journ. fiir Orn., 1856, 9 (Cuba); 1861, 7 (Costa 

 Rica).— Langdon, Revised List Birds Cine, 1879, 10 (May; Sept.).— 



1 Ten specimens. 



''Said to have nested in eastern Colorado (Longmont); Cooke, Bull. Col. Agric. 

 Coll., no. 44, 1898, 167. 



