BIKDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 635 



(1. Larger (averaging, wing 84.84 or more, tail 93.47 or more, culmen from 

 base 19.81 or more, tarsua 25.15 or more). 

 e. Larger (wing 87.63, culmen from base 21.34); back, etc., more tawny. 



Cardinalis cardinalis littoralis, female (p. 643) 

 e.e. Smaller (wing averaging not more than 85.09, nor culmen more than 

 20.07) ; back, etc., duller, more grayish olive. 

 /. Paler, with longer tail and shorter tarsus; wing 85.09, tail 98.30, culmen 



20.07, tarsus 25.15 Cardinalis cardinalis coccineus, female (p. 642) 



Jj\ Darker, with shorter tail and longer tarsus; wing 84.84, tail 93.47, 

 culmen 19.81, tarsus 25.91. 



Cardinalis cardinalis saturatus, female (p. 645) 

 dd. Smaller (averaging, wing 81.53, tail 92.20, culmen from base 18.54, tarsus 



24.13) Cardinalis cardinalis yucatanicus, female (p. 644) 



CC. Outer surface of closed wings with red entirely or mostly concealed; tarsus 

 averaging only 22.35 Cardinalis carneus, female (p. 650) 



CARDINALIS CARDINALIS CARDINALIS (Linnaeus). 

 CARDINAL GROSBEAK. 



Adult male. — Lores, anterior portion of forehead, anterior part of 

 malar region, chin, and throat, black, forming a conspicuous capistrum, 

 entirely surrounding the bill; rest of head vermilion red, duller on 

 pileum (including crest), brighter on auricular region and cheeks; 

 under parts pure vermilion red, becoming slighty paler posteriorly, 

 the flanks slighth' tinged with grayish; hindneck, back, scapulars, 

 rump, and upper tail-coverts dull vermilion red, the feathers margined 

 terminally with olive-grayish (wearing away in midsummer); wings 

 and tail dull red, still duller on greater coverts and secondaries, theter- 

 tials usually, and sometimes the rectrices, more or less edged w ith olive- 

 grayish; ])ill ])right orange-red or red-orange in life, fading to orange 

 or yellowish in dried skins; iris, deep brown; legs and feet, horn-color; 

 length (skins), lsT.im-213.36 (■202.95);' wing, 91.44-99.82 (94.28); tail, 

 90.01-110.49 (104.14); culmen, from base, 18.03-20.32 (19.05); depth 

 of bill at base, 14.99-17.53 (15.49); width of mandible at base, 10.92- 

 12.95 (12.19); tarsus, 22.86-25.91 (24.64); middle toe, 15.24-18.03 

 (17.02).'' 



Adult fonale. — Wings and tail much as in the male, ])ut the red 

 duller; red of head and l)ody replaced alcove by plain grayish olive or 

 buffy grayish, the crest partly dull red; ])elow by pale fulvous or butfy 

 (nearly white on abdomen), the chest often tinged or mixed with red; 

 capistrum dull grayish, sometimes nearl}' white on throat; ])ill, etc., 

 as in the adult male; length (skins), 187.96-207.01 (196.60);' wing, 

 88.39-96.01 (90.93); tail, 93.98-107.19 (99.57); culmen, from base, 

 16.51-20.32 (18.80); depth of bill at base, 13.97-15.75 (15.24); width 



1 Length before skinning, about 222.00-235.00. 



^ Thirty-one specimens. 



* Length before skinning, about 209.50-216.00. 



