BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 



637 



districts of eastern Pennsylvaniti, western Pennsylvaniii (Indiana and 

 Cleartield counties), northeastern Ohio (Wayne Clounty, Ottawa 

 County, etc.). northern Indiana (Wa])ash CV)unty), southern Iowa, etc., 

 casually or irreuuhirlv to Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maine (Gar- 

 diner)." Nova Scotia (Halifax).' southern Ontario, southern Michigan, 

 southern Wisconsin (Racine), and Minnesota (near Minneapolis, etc.); 

 west to edg-e of ( i reat Plains (southeastern South Dakota, eastern Kansas, 

 ,>tc ) - casually to eastern Colorado (Pueblo and near Denver); south to 

 .(ieorgia, Alabama, and upland region .>f (ndf States;^ Bermuda 

 (introduced and naturalized). 



If arm] ,„,v/;*MT7/.a.iNN.KUS, Svst. :^at..,e.l. 10, i, 175S, 172 (based on (hccotliraaxt.s 

 rnhru Catesby, Nat. Hist. Carolina, i, p. 38, pi. 38, etc-.); e<l. 12, i, 1766, 300.- 

 Gmelin, 8vst. Nat., i, 1788, 847.— Latham, Index Orn., i, 1790, :575. 

 Lorkt cardUmlh Wilson, Am. Orn., ii, 1810, 38, pi. 11, fij,'s. 1,2. 

 <acrotlmu,.lr.r<mrnu,lh ViEiLLOT, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., xni, ISl,, o26. 

 Frinqnia ranlinalh Bonapakte, Jour. Ac. Nat. 8.-i. Vhila., iv, July, 1824 (^Obs. 

 Wilson's Am. Orn., No. 79); Ann. Lye. X. Y., ii, 1S28, 1 1;1-Nuttall, Man. 

 Orn. U. S. and C'anad., i, ls:!2, 519.-Ac..cbon, Orn. Bio-., n, 1834, 33b; v, 

 1839, 514, pi. l-^U. ... 



I'ilulus ranllnalix Aidibon, Synopsis, 1839, 131; Birds Am., oc-t. ed., ni, 1841, 

 ■ 19S, pi. 203.-GIRACD, Birds Long L, 1844, 132.-Wilms, Ann. Rep. Bmiths.m. 

 Inst. f..r 1858 (1859), 287 (Bernuidas). 

 (uih-nra r^/yv/mr/?/.. jARmxE, ed. Wilson's Am. Orn., i, 1S32, 18S, pi. 11, ligs. 1,2; 

 Contr. Orn., 1848, 79 (Bermudas, resident).— Himi.is, .Tardme's Contr. Orn., 

 1S50, 5 (Bernuidas). 

 [( ■nnlinai;.] rm-dluuHs LirnTEXsTEix, Nnm. A v. :^Ius. Berol., 18.54, 44, part. 

 Ctnlliinlis rnnlinalis American Oknithol.kusts' Union, Check List, 1886, no. n93, 

 part -Sh vrpe Cat. Birds Brit. :SIus., xii, 1888, 161, part ( District Columbia, 

 Virginia Illinois, Indiana) .-Cooke, Bir<l Migr. Miss. Val., 1888, 215, part 

 (lowaCitv, Iowa, 2 specs. Apr. 17 and Oct. 29; :SIornin- Sun, Iowa, 2 specs. 

 Ian • Ferrv,Iowa; Denmark, Iowa; St. Louis, Missouri ).-Keyes and Wil- 

 , I VMS Proc. Davenp. Ac. Nat. Sci., v, 1888 ( Iowa City, Dec. ; occasional m cen- 

 tral Iowa).-THOMP.soN, Trans. Canad. Inst., i,1890, 16 (Weston, Ontario).— 

 Warren, Birds Penn., 1890, 245 (most of State, common in lower half ).— Goss, 

 Birds Kansas, 1891, 483 (resident; rare in western Kansas) .—Smith (R. W.) , 

 Journ. Cine. Soc. N. H., 1891, 121 (Warren Co., s. w. Ohio, commen resid. ).— 

 H VTCH BirdsMinn., 1892, .339 (stra-^gler).- McIlwraith, Birds Ontario, 1892, 

 330 (s. w. Ontario). -Todd, Auk, x, 1893, 40 (Indiana and Clearfield counties, 

 w. Pennsvlvania,breeding).—ULREY and Wallace, Proc. In<L Ac. Sci., 1895 

 .155 (Wabash, Indiana, common resid.) .—Prentiss, Auk, xui, 1896, 238 

 (Bermudas; naturalized ).-Oberholseu, Bull. Ohio Agric. Exp. Sta., tech. 

 ser.,i, no. 4, 1896, 314 (Wayne Co., n. e. Ohio, abundant resid.; habits).— 



1 No doubt someTif not all. of the extreme n..rthern records are based on e.scaped 



cage birds. . • u t 



^Lack of material from the intermediate region renders it very uncertain how tar 

 south along the eastern border of the plains this form, or how far north the Texan 

 form [C.r. rnnlcaudus) extends; possibly even birds from eastern Kansas are referable 



to the latter. . 



» The status of the Cardinals of the Gulf coast lowlands is as yet undetermined; 

 possibly they constitute a distinct race. (See remarks on Louisiana specimens under 

 C. c. fioridanus.) 



