Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2211 



to other small fishes; allied to Cobitis, chub, etc. According to Aposto- 

 lides xooiSioi and ycofJio? are common names in modern Greek for all 

 species of the genus Gohiiis. Aristotle hoj/3i6?, 610&, 4, 598a 11 16, 5086 

 16, 5696 23, 6216 13 19, 5676 11, 5916 13, 6016 22, 8356 14. The «(»/jJg has 

 many pyloric appendages above the stomach, spa^rns near the land on the 

 rocks, the bunches of eggs are flat and crumbliug; it feeds on mud, sea- 

 weed, sea moss, etc. ; lives near the land, gets fat in the rivers, and is 

 found in schools. The white Kcofiioi, found in the Euripus of Lesbos, 

 never leaves that lagoon for the open sea as the other fishes foTind there 

 do. Latin GoUo and Cobio, Plin. Gobim, Ovid., Hal. 12, 8. Martial 13, 

 88. Horace A. Hoffman.) 



GOBIUS: 

 a. Upper rays of pectoral fin silk-like; i. e., short and very slender and flexible, free for 

 nearly their whole length. 

 b. Body robust, compressed posteriorly ; depth 4S to SJ in length ; head broad, low, 

 rounded in profile, its length SyV to 3f in body; eye 4 to 5 in head; mouth 

 large, little oblique; lips thick; teeth in both jaws In bands, the outer 

 series enlarged ; those on lower jaw subequal ; scales large, strongly ctenoid, 

 smaller on nape and belly ; dorsal spines short, none filamentous. Color oliva- 

 ceous, light or dark, varying from sand color to greenish black, every- 

 where mottled and marbled with dark and paler; a faint dusky spot behind 

 eye. D. VI-9 or 10; A. I, 7 to 9. Scales 36 to 41. SOPOEATOK, 2536. 



CTENOGOBIUS (/treis, comb ; Gobilis) : 



aa. Upper rays of pectoral normal, not silk-like, similar to the others. 

 c. Scales large, 25 to 33. 



d. Color in life olivaceous, more or less spotted, never red. 



e. Dorsal soft rays 12 to 14; vertex and nape with a slight median fold 



of skin. 



/. Body compressed, its depth 5 in length; head 3J to 3i; eye 3 to 



3A in head; vertex and nape with a slight median fold of 



skin; maxillary reaching about to front of pupil; lower jaw 



very slightly produced; teeth in bands, the outer slightly 



enlarged. Olivaceous ; spinous dorsal black at tip ; second 



dorsal finely checkered in adult. D. VI-14; A.I, 11. Scales 



25 or 26-10. NICHOLSn, 2537. 



/. Body long, not much compressed; head 3J; eye 3 in head; no 



median fold on vertex and nape; a dark spot on first dorsal. 



EIGENMANXI. 2538. 



ee. Dorsal soft rays 10 to 12; no median fold of skin on vertex and nape. 

 g. Caudal with 2 spots at its base; jaws unequal, the lower 

 slightly produced; body robust, compressed behind, the 

 depth 5 m total length ; head 4^ ; eye longer than snout, 3J 

 in head; maxillary reaching pupil; teeth in a band, the outer 

 enlarged and distant, the inner enlarged and bent back- 

 ward. Brownish ; a faint blue spot on each scale; six spots 

 along middle of ba«k; similar spots on scapular region and 

 middle of sides; 2 spots on base of caudal; a dark spot above 

 opercle; blue dots on head; a straight blue line crossing 

 cheek above and continued on opercle ; dorsals faintly spot- 

 ted. D.VI-10; A. 10. Scales 25-7. (Gill.) 



GLAUCOFRaiNUM, 2539. 



gg. Candal plain or with but a single spot at its base. 



h. Dorsal spines low, the highest little longer than head. 

 i. Eegion from nape to dorsal entirely scaled. 



j. Pores on preopercle not very conspicnoas; no 

 canine teeth. 



