Jordan ajid Evermajin. — Fishes of North America. 2599 



nate as to secure 1 of these fishes, that uo attempt should be made to keep 

 it entire, but that it should be eut into short lengths and preserved in the 

 strongest spirits, each piece wrapi>ed separately in muslin. (Goode & 

 Beau.) 



loii. TRACHYPTERUS, Goiian. 



(King of the Herrings.) 



Trachypterus, GoUAN, Hist. Poiss., 104, 153, 1770 (trachypterus). 



Bogmaiiis, Bloch &. Schneider, Syst. Ichth., 518, 1801 (islandicus=^arctieus). 



Body elongate, compressed, ribbon-shaped, the dorsal lin extending the 

 entire length of the back. Anal absent; each ventral well develojied, if 

 present, but sometimes absent. Caudal present and placed for the most 

 part above the longitudinal axis of the body. No air bladder. Pyloric 

 appendages numerous. Ventrals appearing to be absent in some individ- 

 uals, but Pay calls attention to the fact that most of the specimens of 

 T. arciicuii taken along the coast of Great Britain had no ventrals. In 

 the very young, as has been shown by Emery, the fin rays commence to 

 grow when it is about 6 mm. long, and continue to lengthen until it is 

 about 24 mm. long, after which a partial shortening takes place. Ventrals 

 very elongate in the young, and the caudal rays much longer than in the 

 grown fish. Young individuals (from 2 to 4 inches) are not rarely met 

 with near the surface; they possess the most extraordinary develoi>ment 

 of lin rays observed in the whole class of lishes, some of them being several 

 times larger than the body, and provided with lai^pet-liko dilatations. 

 There is no doubt that fishes witli such delicate appendages are bred and 

 live in dejiths whore the water is absolutely (]uiet, as a sojourn in the 

 disturbed water of the surface would deprive them at once of organs 

 which must be of some utility for their preservation. (Goode & Bean.) 

 {rpaxvz, rough; nvEpov, fin.) 



a. Color bright metallic silvery, a jet-black blotch .at base of dorsal; 3 dark spots on 

 side, 2 smaller ones on belly ; anterior profile, snout, and tip of mandible, jet black ; 

 caudal and ventral fins carmine red in life. uex-salmonorum, 2972. 



aa. Color shining leaden gray; no black. trachyukus, 2973. 



2972. TBACHYPTEBUS KEX-SALMONORUM, Jordan & Gilbert. 

 (KiNQ OF THE Salmon.) 



Head 8^; cross depth at nape 8. D.V-170; C.8; V.6; P. 11. Body 

 long and slender, closely compressed and ribbon-shaped, as usual in the 

 genus. Head short, deeper than long, the anterior profile steep and 

 nearly straight to the base of the nuchal crest; dorsal fin beginning on 

 the top of nuchal crest, which is directly over the second third of the 

 diameter of eye; height of crest slightly more than diameter of eye, the 

 latter greater than length of snout, and 3 in head. Mouth ol)lique ; maxil- 

 lary rugose and very broad, its width | its length; length of lower jaw 

 greater than length of snout, 2;^ in head, its angle under the front of the 

 orbit. Opercular bones rugose, entirely covering the gills. Premaxillary 

 covered with minute and feeble teeth, in addition to which in this speci- 

 men are 3 canines, 2 on one side and 1 on the other, directed very obliquely 



