Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2657 



structure of the bones of the head. Two species known. {yXvUToz, sculp- 

 tured; yiEii>aX))^ head.) 



a. Pectoral fins very short, not falcate, that of rij;ht sido about \ length of head ; verte- 

 brse 58. cynoglossus, 3027. 



aa. Pectoral fln.s of colored side falcate, longer than the head; vertebra} 65. 



ZACHIRUS, ;!028. 



3027. OLTPTOCEPHALlnS CYNOGLOSSUS (LinnaMis). 



(Crak; Fluke : Pole Flounder.) 



Head 5 to SJ in body; depth 2\ to 3. D. 101 to 112; A. 87 to 100; scales 

 125; V. 6; highest dorsal and anal rays 2 in head; pectoral a little more 

 than 2; vertebric 58. Body oblong, fusiform; head small, ovate; the pro- 

 file slightly decurved; mouth very small, with the cleft oblifjuc; teeth on 

 blind side close set, with incisoral edges, W ; on the eyed side, distant, 

 obtusely conic, -\\ eyes moderate, the lower advanced, close together, 3 in 

 head; scales regularly imbricated, lateral line straight; pectoral short, 

 falcate; origin of dorsal above middle of upj^er eye; anal spine present; 

 caudal convex or angulated behind; pectoral fms very short, not falcate, 

 that of right side about \ length of head ; upper jaw with about 30 teeth ; 

 opercle adnate to the shoulder girdle for a short distance only. Color 

 grayish brown; fins with dark spots; tip of pectoral dusky above. North 

 Atlantic, on both coasts, chiefly in deep w.atcr, south to Cape Cod and 

 France. This species is found in rather deep water on sandy bottoms. It 

 reaches a length of 12 to 18 inches. This flounder has been taken in great 

 numbers with the beam trawl in deep water ott" our New England coast. 

 It is pronounced by the I'nited States Fish Commission to be not inferior 

 as a food-fish to the European sole. (Eu.) {cynoglossus, a sole; hvoov, 

 dog; xA.a)d6a, tongue.) 



Pleuronectei, etc., Gorpore oblon;/o ylabro, Gronow, Museum Ichthyol., i, iv, 39, etc., Bel- 

 gium. 

 Pleuronectes cynoglofsm, Linn^us, Syst. Nat., Ed. x, 269, 1758, after Gronow ; Gijnther, 



Cat., IV, 449, 1862; Day, Fishes Great Britain, u, 30, pi. 103; Lilljeboko, Sveriges och 



Norges Fiske, n, 386, 1891; and of European writers generally. 

 Platessa pola, Cuvier, Regne Animal, Ed. n, Vol. 2, 339, 1829, after la Pole of Duhamel. 

 Pleuronecteg saxicola, Faber, Tidsskr. f. Naturv., 5 B., 244, 1828, Denmark. 

 Pleuronectes nigromanun, Nilsson, Prodr. Icbth. Scand., 55, 1832. 

 Platessa elongata, Yarrell, Hist. Brit. Fi.sh., 619, 1859, young. 

 Glyptocephahis acadiamis, Gill, Pioc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1873, 360, Nova Scotia. (Type, 



No. 12685.) 

 Glyptocephalus cynoglossus, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1873, 360 ; Goode & Bean, Proc. 



•U. S. Nat. Mus. 1878, 21 ; Goode, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 337 ; Goode, Proc. U. S. Nat. 



Mils. 1880, 475 ; Collett, Norske Nord-Havs Exped.1880, 150; GooDK & BEAN, Bull. 



Mus. Comp. Zool., X, No. 5, 195,1883; Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis, 838, 1883; Goode, 



Nat. Hist. Arjuat. Anim., 198, 1884; Jordan & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 



300, pi. 19, 1889. 

 Solea cynoglossa, Eafinesque, ludice di Ittlologia Siciliana, 53, 1810; based on the Sole or 



Gynoglossum of Eondelet. 

 Olyptocephalvs saxicola, Gottsche, Archiv far Naturg.sch. 1835, 156. 

 Platessa saxicola, Kroyer, Danmark's Flake. 338, 1843. 

 Pleuronectes elongafu/!, Gljnther, Cat., iv, 4.'J0, 1862. 

 Gyptocephalus elonyatus, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1873, 362. 



