Jordan ayid Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2879 



G. Dorsal spines 4 ; lips fringed ; eyes superior. 



CXCVII, URANOSCOPIDiE, 2305. 

 GG. Dorsal spines 8 to 17. 



H. Anal spines 3 ; body scaly CLXX VI, Scokp.enid^e, 1758. 



HH. Anal spines obsolete ; body partly or wholly naked. 



CLXXIX, CoTTiD.E, 1879. 

 FF. Slit bohind fourth gill large; body scaled. 

 I. Nostril single on each aide, a small pore above it; dorsal fin 



continuous CLXXVIII, Hexagrammid.e, 1863. 



II. Nostrils 2 on each side; dorsal fins 2, separate, except in the 



genus Erilepls CLXXVII, ANOPLOPOMATiDiE, 1861. 



DD. Suborbital stay wanting; cheeks not mailed. 



J. Spinous dorsal transformed into a suckiug disk on top of head, 

 composed of 8 to 30 transverse plates. 



CLXXXIX, ECHENEIDID.E, 2265. 



JJ. Spinous dorsal (if present) not transformed into a sucking disk. 



K. Dorsal spines all or nearly all disconnected from each other. 



L. Body elongate, spindle-shaped.. CXXVII, Raciiycentrid.e, 947. 



LL. Body oblong or ovate, compressed. 



M. Caudal peduncle very slender, the fin widely forked ; preopercle 



entire CXXV, Cahancud-e, 895. 



MM. Caudal peduncle stoutish, the fin little forked. 



N. Gill membranes free from the isthmus ; preopercle serrulate. 



CXXXIV, Centrolophid.e, 962. 

 NN. Gill membranes broadly united to the isthmus ; preopercle entire. 



CLXIV, Ephippid.e, 1666. 

 KK. Dorsal spines (if present) all, or most of them, connected by 

 meml)rauc. 

 O. Pectoral fin with 4 to 9 lowermost rays detached and filiform. 



CIX, FOLYNEMID.E, 827. 



OO. Pectoral fin entire. 

 P. Dorsal and anal each with 1 or more detached finlets. 



Q. Anal preceded by 2 free spines CXXV, Carangid.k, 895. 



QQ. Anal not preceded by 2 free spines. 



K. Caudal peduncle keeled CXVIII, Scombrid.e, 863. 



RR. Caudal peduncle not keeled CXIX, Gempylid.e, 877. 



PP. Dorsal and anal without finlets. 

 S. Lateral line armed posteriorly with a series of keeled plates; 2 

 free anal spines; gill membranes free from isthmus. 



CXXV, Caranoid.e, 895. 

 SS. Lateral line armed posteriorly with a sharp, movable, lancet- 

 like spine, or with a few bony tubercles; scales small, 

 rough ; gill membranes adherent to isthmus. 



CLXVII, Teuthidid.e, 1688. 

 SSS. Lateral line unarmed. 



T. Throat with 2 long barbels (placed just behind chin); dorsal 



fins 2 CXVII, MuLLiixE, 855. 



TT. Throat without long barbels. 

 U. Head with a short bony horn before each eye; gill membranes 

 united to isthmus; scales very small, rough. 



CLXVI, Zanclid.e, 1687. 

 UU. Head without bony prominence or horns. 

 V. Anal fin preceded by 2 free spines (these obsolete in the very 



old, joined by membrane in the very young). 

 W. Preopercle entire ; teeth moderate if present. 



CXXV, CARANGID.E, 895. 



WW. Preopercle serrate ; teeth unequal, some of them very strong. 



CXXVI, POMATOMID/E, 945. 

 VV. Anal fin not preceded by free spines. 

 X. Nostril single on each side; lateral line interrupted; lower phar- 

 yngeals united. 



