2894 Bulletm ^7, United States National Museuin, 



Pharynf/eal hones. Bones liehiud the gills and at the beginning of the 



o;so]>hagu8 of fishes, of various forms, almost always provided with 



teeth ; usually 1 pair below and 2 pairs above. They represent 



a fifth gill arch. 

 Pilar yngohranchials. Upper elements of the branchial arches, usually 



bearing teeth. 

 PharyrKjognathous. Having the lower pharyngeal bones united. 

 Physoclistoiis. Having the air bladder closed. 

 Physostomous. . Haviug the air bladder connected by a tube with the 



alimentary canal. 

 Pigment. Coloring matter. 

 Pineal body. A small ganglion in the brain; a rudiment of an optic lobe, 



which in certain lizards (and in extinct forms) is connected with a 



third or median eye. 

 Pituitary body. A small ganglion in the brain. 

 Plicate. Folded; showing transverse folds or wrinkles. 

 Plumbeous. Lead colored; dull bluish gray. 

 Polygamous. Mating with more than 1 female. 

 Postclavicle. A ray composed of 1 or 2 bones attached to the inner upper 



surface of the clavicle and extending downward. 

 Postorhital. Behind the eye. 



Post-temporal. The bone, in fishes, by which the shoulder girdle is sus- 

 pended to the cranium. 

 Pnvcoracoid. A portion of coracoid more or less sej^arated from the rest. 

 Pracoracoid arch. An arch in front of the coracoid in most soft-rayed 



fishes. 

 Prefrontals. Bones forming lateral projections at the anterior end of the 



skull. 

 Premaxillaries. The bones, 1 on either side, forming the front of the 



upper jaw in fishes. They are usually larger than the maxillaries and 



commonly bear most of the upper teeth. 

 Premolars. The small grinders; the teeth between the canines and the 



true molars. 

 Preocular. Before the eye. 

 Preopercle. The memltrane bone lying in front of the oijercle and more or 



less nearly parallel with it. 

 Preorbital. The large membrane bone before the eye, in fishes. 

 Procalian. Concave in front only. 

 Procurreiit (fin). With the lower rays inserted progressively farther 



forward. 

 Projectile. Capable of being thrust forward. 



Prootic. A boue forming an anterolateral ossification of the brain case. 

 Protractile. Capable of being dfawn forward. 

 Proximal. Nearest. 

 Pseudobranchi(e. Small gills developed on the inner side of the opercle, 



near its junction with the preopercle. 

 Pterotic. A bone at the posterior lateral process of the skull. 

 Pterygoids. Bones of roof of mouth in fishes, behind the palatines. 

 Pubic bones. Same as pelvic bones, n. v. 

 Pubis. Anterior lower part of pelvis. 

 Pulmonary. Pertaining to the lungs. 

 Punctate. Dotted with points. 

 Pyloric ca'ca. Glandular appendages in the form of blind sacs opening 



into the alimentary canal of most fishes at the pylorus, or passage 



from the stomach to the intestine. 

 Quadrate. A bone of the suspensorium on which the mandible is hinged. 



Quincunx. Set of 5 arranged alternately, thus * 



Radius. Outer boue of forearm. 



