NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. 217 



Edwards, and is the prevailing form on the Pacific slope, though 

 Mr. Holland says he has it from Ohio not in any way differing from 

 California examples. The life history is given by Mr. Bunker in 

 Can. Ent. ix. 210. 



Boisduval's description of this species is based upon the assump- 

 tion that Harris' name is pre-occupied, but in that case princeps Wlk., 

 would have to be used, and Boisduval's name is, in any event, a 

 synonym. 



T. iiiiperator Strk., Lep. Rhop. et Het. 125, pi. xiv. fig. 3, Smerinthus. 



Head above yellow fawu color, thorax violaceous gray, not dark ; abdomen 

 yellowish fawn shaded, somewhat darker dorsally, and with a faint dorsal line of 

 violaceousextending the whole length ; beueath pale fawn ; legs violaceous. Upper 

 surface : primaries general style of ornamentation somewhat as in modesta Harr. 

 Basal third of wing very pale violaceous gray, yellowish at base, and traversed 

 in its middle from costa to inner margin by an irregular darker shade ; the outer 

 edge of the basal third is very irfegular and produced in a sharp angle at the 

 innermost median nervule and is narrowly shaded where it joins the median 

 space by a darker tint ; the inner half of the median space is tinted with brown- 

 ish, the outer half is of the same pale violaceous gray as the basal pai-t ; the outer 

 edge of the median space is scalloped and shaded with darker gray ; a large, pale 

 discal mark ; the third or terminal space is of the same pale gray as the major 

 part of the rest of the wing, shaded on costal half with pale yellowish fawn, a 

 darker patch on inner margin not far from inner angle. Secondaries dull crim- 

 son, yellowish white at inner margin and a large pale gray patch covers that 

 part of the wing at and near the anal angle, within which patch is a blackish 

 dash parallel with outer margin, between which latter and said dash is a faint 

 gray abbreviated line extending from the anal angle inwards to where the crim- 

 son color commences. Under surface of all wings very faint yellowish fawn 

 with a broad terminal band, but a shade darker; basal half of primaries dull 

 crimson, which color does not extend to either costa or inner margin and the 

 discal mark is designated by the pale fawn of the ground color of the wing. 

 Expands 4.5 inches ; 113 mm ( J ). 



Hub. — Arizona. 



The above is almost a literal transcript of Mr. Strecker's descrip- 

 tion, which is quoted to present fully its claim to specific distinction. 

 Mr. Strecker says on this subject : " This differs from its nearest ally, 

 modesta Harr., in the far greater bi-eadth of wing, the great robust- 

 ness of body, the entirely different color and in the difference of the 

 undulations of the transverse lines and shades, also in the shape and 

 greater size of the discal mark or bar." Thus far Mr. Strecker. — 

 Mr. Grote has, on several occasions, incidentally referred this as a 

 synonym of occklentalls Hy. Edw., and so it stands in his last list, 

 as I believe correctly. The most obvious difference is in the inden- 



TRANS. AMER. ENT. SOC. XV. (28) SEPTEMBER, 1888. 



