6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.79 



least among the echinostomes, and accordingly recognizes the genus 

 Episthmium Llihe. The following species should, therefore, be 

 included in this genus: E. africanus (Stiles), E. hursicola (Creplin), 

 E. prosthovitellatus (Nicoll), E. froximuvi Travassos, E. oscari 

 Travassos, and E. corvus (Bhalerao). On the basis of extent and 

 distribution of the vitelline follicles, these four species form a very 

 definite and recognizable group. 



Odhner (1910) proposed the genus Heterechinostommn with E. 

 mordax (Looss) as type, and to this genus Stunkard and Haviland 

 (1924) added a second species, H. magnovatum. The principal 

 character which Odhner used for separating this genus from 

 E chinochasmus was the cirrus pouch which he writes is almost en- 

 tirely or completely ( ? ) atrophied (" fast ganzlich oder voUig ( ? ) 

 riickgebildet ") in E chinochasmus and rather weakly developed 

 ("ziemlich schwach entwickelt") in Heterechinostomum.. The 

 writer does not believe that it is possible to distinguish between " fast 

 ganzlich * * * riickgebildet " and " ziemlich schwach entwick- 

 elt," at least not with sufficient certainty to be able to use such a 

 character for the separation of the two genera. Heterechinostomuin 

 is, therefore, regarded as a synonym of E chinochasmus^ the two 

 species, H. mordax (Looss) and H. magnovatum Stunkard and 

 Haviland, becoming Echinochasmus Tnordax (Looss) and E. mag- 

 novatus (Stunkard and Haviland) respectively. 



E chinochasm^us tenuicolUs Johnston, on the basis of the number 

 and distribution of collar spines and the deeply lobed condition of 

 the testes, can not be retained in the genus Echinochasmus^ but 

 should be included in the genus Paryphostomum Dietz ; E. tenuicol- 

 Us^ therefore, becomes P. tenuicolUs (Johnston). 



Monilifer pitangi Lutz is transferred to the genus EchinochasTnus 

 on the basis of the distribution of the vitellaria, the name therefore 

 becoming Echinochasmus pitangi (Lutz). Bhalerao (192G) recog- 

 nized that this species could not be retained in the genus Monilifer 

 {= Stephanoprora) ^ but he failed to make the new combination with 

 the generic and specific names. 



According to the writer's conception, the following species may 

 be included in the genus Echinochasmus ^ : E. coaxatus Dietz, E. 

 euryporus (Looss), E. 'beleocephalus (v. Linstow), E. liliputanus 

 (Looss), E. oligacanthus Liihe (in Dietz), E. perfoliatus (v. Ratz), 

 E. amphiholus Kotlan, E. hofauri Baer, E. mordax (Looss), E. mag- 

 novatus (Stunkard and Haviland), E. hortense Goto (in Asada), 

 E. japonicus Tanabe, E. dietzevi Isaischikov, E. pitangi (Lutz), 

 and E. schwartzi, new species. 



1 The writer reserves judgment on E. elonyatus Miki, as no description of this species 

 is available. It is included here on the basis of an abstract published in the Jap. Journ. 

 Zool., vol. 1, p. 89, 1925. 



