ART. 30 DESIGN AREAS IN" OCEANIA KRIEGER 35 



duced to produce ornamental patterns as in the charm bags. Across 

 the front of the jacket where the true armor weave begins is a line 

 of ornamental display of feather decorations, chiefly from the tail 

 feathers of the bird of paradise. 



Tobacco and narcotics are in general use among the sedentary 

 pygmy Negritos of the Upper Eouffaer River area. Mr. Stirling 

 observed infants in arms smoking cigarettes which were offered them 

 by their mothers and nurses. The container in which the cigarette 

 is wrapped is the leaf of the pandanus palm, a supply of which is 

 carried in small tubes made from sections of bamboo stems and car- 

 ried in the lobe of the ear. Curvilinear and rectilinear designs made 

 by burning are etched on the surfaces of these containers. Tobacco 

 is usually smoked in pipes fashioned either from a tree knot or from 

 an unidentified variety of unusually large acorn. The oak grows in 

 abundance along the Middle and Upper Rouffaer River. To the 

 base of the hollowed pipe bowl there is affixed a short section of 

 stem of orchid ferruled with pitch or wrapped with cord. In two 

 instances the ferrule is an excellent example of continuous braided 

 band similar to that attached to arrow shafts. Tobacco was intro- 

 duced evidently at an early date and is now cultivated in the com- 

 munity plot in the center of the village, where are also grown all 

 of the other plant products and vegetables. The development of 

 agriculture and the domestication of animals by the Negrito is his 

 own achievement, probably developed on the spot, and not an impor- 

 tation. With but one or two exceptions there seems to be no trace of 

 cultural relationship with the physically related pygmy stocks else- 

 where, so that linguistic data obtained by the expedition becomes 

 exceedingly important. 



The Andmncmese. — The Andamanese likewise are a very primitive 

 people. No satisfactory explanation has yet been made of the large 

 number of exceedingly primitive peoples occupying the coastal fringe 

 of Asia and the mountainous interior of the East Indies. In almost 

 every case these primitive peoples are negroid, diminutive in stature, 

 and distinct physically from the higher cultural peoples forming the 

 bulk of the insular population. Such people, of which the Andam- 

 anese are typical, support themselves almost entirely by hunting and 

 fishing. Use of clothing is but poorly developed. As among all 

 negroid peoples with dark skins, a peculiar form of body decoration 

 is practiced by the Andamanese. Tattooing would not be effective, 

 unless some form of white color design could be introduced. This 

 is not done by any known tribe. On the other hand, a bringing 

 into relief of certain parts of the skin is effected wherever elementary 

 ornamental designs are produced. This bruising or scarring of the 

 body is known as cicatrization. 



