Marine Plants on the N, E. United States. 27 



Within this zone there are, on the Atlantic coast, and wherever 

 rocks abound, frequent pools of water more or less large and 

 deep, in which may be found many of the hardier species of deep 

 sea plants. In the lower belt ot this zone and contiguous to F. 

 furcatus, I found Chondrus criapus^ the "well known Cariyeen 

 Moss growing in much luxuriance, having crept up thus far 

 from its natural home. But the plant which more generally filled 

 these pools was Halosaccion ramentaceum. In every variety of 

 form it abounded there, but frequently in so depauperized a state, 

 as to indicate that it w'as not exactly in its native home. Speci- 

 mens of the largest size to which this plant attains I did not 

 often find, but in one form or another it was present in great 

 abundance. The curious and pretty plant called Cystoclonium 

 purpurascens^ together with Hypnea musciformis, had here 

 also their natural home and grew in great perfection. They too to 

 some extent are deep sea plants, but for the most part they covet a 

 home in the rocky pools of the shore. Chordaria fiagelliformis 

 threw out its long filamentous fronds in every pool of this zone, 

 and in many crevices of the rocks left bare by the tide. Here 

 also Rhodymenia palmala the dulse of America, with its blood 

 red frond, grew in great beauty and abundance both on the 

 rocks and as a parasite on other Algae. But one of the most 

 striking inhabitants of this zone is Chaetornorjyha melagonium. 

 Its long pea-green filaments afford a pleasing variety of colour* 

 It grows often solitary but is not unfrequently clustered together in 

 considerable bunches, Cladophorce and Rhodymenia palmata, and 

 Ulva latissima, commonly growing as parasites on the ends of its 

 fronds. Occasionally a bunch of Delesseria sinuosa is found in the 

 deeper and more shady pools. Once only I found a little plant of /?. 

 alata and Euthora cristata, but these are stragglers and seldom flou- 

 rish out of deep water. The inflated fronds of Asperococcus sinuo- 

 sus, a deep sea plant, were occasionallyfound. In the more sheltered 

 places, large patches of Corallina officinalis grew very luxuriantly. 

 Its horny pinnate branches, with the reddish tinge of its natural 

 state, render it a very pleasing object in the water. This curious 

 calcareous plant has a wide range of growth, but it does not tra- 

 vel higher up on the shore than the second line of the Fucus 

 zone. It is however found at a considerable depth in the sea. 

 I constantly found it attached to the roots of the large deep sea 

 plants, and in some places it grows at the depth of fifty fathoms. 

 A Gigartina^ probably G. tenax, is also found inhabiting these 



