in Norway and in Canada, 123 



furnace, and tlie silver extracted according to Ziervogel's method ; 

 by treating it with water, and afterwards precipitating the dis- 

 solved silver by metallic copper. The lixiviated residue from 

 this process, was then smelted together with the rich copper py- 

 rites and schlichs from the Hoflfnung mine, (previously calcined 

 in a reverberatory furnace), in a small shaft furnace. From this 

 operation, there resulted a slag, very rich in ferrous oxide, which 

 was rejected ; a regulus with 55 per cent, of copper, and a small 

 quantity of coarse copper. The regulus was roasted and again 

 smelted ; coarse copper, and a small quantity of thin regulus 

 being produced. The coarse copper was then refined on the small 

 German gahr hearth. 



The two most important mines belonging to Hvideseid copper- 

 works, occur in the parish of Hvides, and are as follows : Haukum 

 mine, situated beneath BrokeQeld, in the neighborhood of a 

 powerful granite vein, wherein orthoclase and oligoclase are 

 observable. This vein intersects primitive slates, and is accom- 

 panied by several irregular granitic masse?, on the largest of 

 which the mine occurs. The granite mass is more or less impreg- 

 nated with purple copper, and this is occasionally accompanied 

 by metallic silver in fine threads ; which occur in small cavities, 

 with crystals of laumontite and stilblte. The crystals of laumon- 

 tite form fan-like groups, which are coloured green by the 

 oxyd of copper A very small scale of gold has been found 

 in this mine. The following minerals are also met with : mag- 

 netic iron ore, molybdenite, garnet, epidote, and traces of cop- 

 per pyrites.* Bandag mine is situated on the precipitous south 

 side of Bandag Lake. The surrounding rock bears a strong 

 resemblance to granitic gneiss, but nevertheless diff'ers from it 

 in having a larger quantity of quartz, and, as a consequence, 

 a lighter colour. The ore deposit lies parallel with the stra- 

 tification of this rock, and consists of a granular mixture of 

 quartz, mica, copper pyrites, purple copper, highly argentiferous 

 galena, zinc blende, and a little feldspar. Metallic silver in 

 threads, has also been remarked in this mine. The ores from 

 these, and other mines, were for a considerable time smelted at the 

 Hvideseid works, and although the smelting was ultimately aban- 

 doned, the operation was more successful here than anywhere else 

 in the district, being carried on for a longer time. 



The Sauland smelting works were built for the copper ores 

 occurring at Guli, in the parish of Sauland, which is subordi- 

 • Dahll, Om Telemarken's Geologic, p. 27. 



