Geology of Newfoundland. 331 



The country, from the Dead Islands to Port aux Basques and 

 Cape Ray, is composed entirely of mica slate and gneiss ; and 

 these rocks continue around Cape Ray for some distance to the 

 little Cadroy river where they terminate. 



A chain of hills, called the Long Range, composed almost 

 entirely of this gneiss and mica slate, runs into the country from 

 Cape Ray and is believed to intersect and divide the whole Is- 

 land. 



The south side of St. George's Bay, between this Long Range 

 and the Gulf of St. Lawrence, is occupied by the coal formation. 

 The cliffs on the sea-shore and a baud of country a few miles 

 Tvide, lying parallel to it, exhibit the lower beds of the coal forma- 

 tion, namely the red sandstones and marls, with gypsum. 



In the cliffs, near Cadroy Island, (where the writer first landed 

 in Newfoundland) there is much red and green marl, with bands 

 of white flag-stone. 



The white flag-stone, and the greenish marl, contain many 

 veins of white fibrous gypsum, and interstratified with these and 

 the red marls are some thirty beds of white and grey gypsum, of 

 a singular character. 



The Micmac Indians of this coast report a bed of coal, of 

 two feet in thickness, some distance up the Cadroy river ; but 

 Mr. Jukes was unable to procure a guide to it. The bed is said 

 to be of very considerable extent. 



Mr. Jukes, however, penetrated the coal formation from Crabb's 

 River, which is about half way up the south side of St. George's 

 Bay. He found that at least six miles of the country, formed of 

 the lower beds of this formation, must be crossed directly from 

 the coast, before arriving at the higher beds, in which the coal is 

 situated. 



Ha\nng passed over the lower beds, Mr. Jukes at length ar- 

 rived at a bed of coal, three feet in thickness, resting on soft brown 

 sandstone, with ferruginous stains. Whether this seam of coal 

 was the whole, or only the lower portion of a bed, could not be 

 determined ; but the quality was found to be good, as it proved a 

 bright, caking coal. 



The distance from the sea shore, where this coal was 

 found, is about 8 miles ; but the nearest and only harbour is 

 that of St. George's, distant about 20 miles. From the best ob- 

 servations Mr Jukes was able to make, he concluded that the 

 tract in which coal might be found, would be an oval, some 20 



