332 Perley^s ohsei'vations on the 



or 30 miles long, by 10 miles in width, bounded by the sea coast 

 on the north, and the range of primary hills on the south. 



Mr. Jukes penetrated the interior more to the north east, by 

 the Grand Pond, and near its eastern extremity, on the banks of a 

 small brook, discovered a seam of coal, part of it resembling 

 cannel coal — and in the bed of the brook itself, which is rapid and 

 rocky, large pieces of coal were found, clearly showing that more 

 beds existed higher up the stream. 



There is here a large district, throughout the whole extent of 

 which it is probable coal may be found. 



The north side ofSt. George's Bay is occupied by magnesian 

 limestone, lying above the shale of the coal measures, in which 

 shale it is alleged coal has been found at Port-aux-Ports. 



The country between Port-aux-Ports and Bay of Islands, and 

 thence northerly to Bonne Bay, and Cow Head — is lofty and un- 

 broken, (the writer now speaks from his own observations) and is 

 occupied chiefly by igneous rocks. 



Around Lark Harbour, the rocks are high, pointed and precip- 

 itous, consisting of igneous rocks of the most varied character, 

 the scenery is wild, picturesque, and in the elevated portions, 

 sterile to the last degree. Down the deep and narrow ravines, 

 the winds rush with fearful violence, and the suddenness of the 

 gusts are such as to render the operation of beating into Lark 

 Harbour very exciting. 



From the neighbourhood of Lark Harbour, nearly to the head 

 of Humber Sound (a magnificent piece of water, by the way, in- 

 terspersed with numerous islands, having broad and deep chan- 

 nels between them, forming altogether wonderfully striking scen- 

 ery of unusual character) the rocks consist of dark brown and 

 red schist or shale, grey gritstones, and black, grey, and red slate. 

 Beyond this commences the great calcareous formation, which is 

 supposed to form almost the entire north eastern extremity of 

 Newfoundland. 



At the north of the Humber, by far the largest river in New- 

 foundland, this formation consists of beds of limestone, containing 

 veins and flakes of mica, so entangled with quartz rocks, and in- 

 timately associated with the gneiss and mica slate, as to leave no 

 doubt of its being entitled to the denomination of a primary lime- 

 stone. 



The highest beds of this limestone are of a hard dark grey 

 colour, with brown concretions, that on a surface which had 



