CATALOGUE OF HUMAN CRANIA IN THE UNITED STATES 

 NATIONAL MUSEUM COLLECTIONS 



By Ales Hrdlicka ^ 

 Curator, Division of Physical Anthropology, United States National Museum 



INTRODUCTION 

 THE PUEBLOS 



The Pueblo Indians are one of the largest, best defined, and most 

 interesting of the aboriginal American groups. They have been 

 known to the whites since 1539; they are sedentary, mainly agricul- 

 tural and peaceful people; and whjle differing in language, they in 

 general show so much in common that they have always been 

 regarded as one large ethnic unit. They extended once over an 

 extensive territory, reaching from westernmost Texas to western 

 Arizona, and from southern Colorado and southeastern Utah to 

 northern Chihuahua in Mexico. They comprised the cliff dwellers of 

 Mesa Verde and other localities, the cliff dwellers being merely 

 Pueblos who lived part of the time in pueblo-like structures built for 

 greater security and other reasons in suitable rock shelters. 



In the course of time this territory which once was apparently 

 exclusively Pueblo, though by no means all occupied simultaneously, 

 grew more and more restricted due to abandonment of the marginal 

 as well as unfavorable, or overcome, internal settlements. It thus 

 gradually became flanked and interspersed with abandoned pueblos 

 and was eventually invaded by intruders coming evidently from the 

 far north. These were the Apache, who remain in the region to this 

 day, partly pure, partly admixed into a major contingent of evidently 

 Pueblo derivation as the Navaho. 



The total number of the living Pueblo Indians, in 1929, according 

 to the latest data furnished by the Indian Ofiice, was 8,966. They 



' See also first section of this catalogue on the Mongolians, Eskimo, Aleuts, and Alaska Indians in the 

 Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum, vol. 63, art. 12, published on Mar. 14, 1924. A second section 

 on the Algonkin and related Iroquois, Siouan, Caddoan, Salish and Sahaptin, Shoshonean, and Californian 

 Indians, published in the Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum, vol. 69, art. 5, was issued on May 4, 

 1927. The third section on Australians, Tasmanians, South African Bushmen, Hottentots, and Negro, 

 published in the Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum, vol. 71, art. 24, was issued on Mar. 5, 1928. 



No. 2845.— Proceedings U. S. National Museum, Vol. 78, Art. 2 



2665—31 1 1 



