AKT. 13 WHITE MOUNTAIN APACHE RESERVATION — HOUGH 7 



Cliff dwelling. — During the exploration at Grasshopper a cliff 

 dwelling in a lateral of Oak Creek, about 8 miles away, was exam- 

 ined. The ruin is picturesquely located under a great overhang of 

 ribbed red sandstone conglomerate bedded with shale in a narrow 

 canyon (pi. 3, figs, a and 5). It is called by the Apache Ghidische, 

 red rock house, and sometimes Tse a he nastle., house under 

 the cliff. 



The bow of the cliff back admitted in one place the building of 

 three rooms deep and the adjoining structure two rooms deep. 

 Along the front is a line of rooms now in ruins while the main 

 three and two story building, probably the first erected, still stands. 

 It is evident the front rooms represent later and poorer construction, 

 as may be seen in the abutting of the walls against the face of the 

 older building without bond (pi. 4, fig. a). There were three stages 

 in the cliff dwelling, the dwellings in the deep bow in the rock face 



jjo reer 



Figure 7.- — Plan of Cliff House, Oak Creek 



being the earlier. So far as now can be made out no change in 

 culture accompanied the different periods of building. 



The ground plan shows 24 rooms and the superposed rooms bring 

 the count to 32, approximately (fig. 7). One room about the middle 

 of the plan shows a curved wall of an older building (pi. G«). 

 Another room is built in a cavity on the ground plan and is like a 

 basement. It has no debris on its floor of stone and is much blacked 

 with smoke. It is entered by an opening in the room in the second 

 story and by a hatchway from the room above. 



Doors in this ruin are plain low openings not partially walled in 

 below as in Mesa Verde (pis. 45 and 66). The step is a larger stone 

 much worn, and the lintel is three oak poles. One window in the 

 upper room of the high house is in all intents like a door. The roofs 

 and floors are of beams, poles, split cedar strips, and mud (pi. 5a). 

 The beams are of juniper ; one beam lying in the ruins of one of the 



