ABT. 18 WHITE MOUNTAIN APACHE RESERVATION — HOUGH 



11 



CHARCOAL 



Stel t'K^n. cy-^srou o."r *»»^^ 



CHARCOAL 



The percentages of pottery fragments in the plaza were : red, 50 ; 

 gray, 40 ; yellowish, 10 ; with corrugated omitted. 



On the north side of the plaza 11 feet, of what is evidently a re- 

 taining wall, was uncovered. This wall, of heavj^ stones, is in four 

 courses bedded on a red sandstone mass and on shale. This wall is 

 7 feet from the dwellings. It was built to hold this section of the 

 pueblo at a point where in wet seasons the earth would have a tend- 

 ency to slip. Several of these walls were unearthed. This feature 

 is new in pueblo engineering (pi. 2, figs, a and h). 



Began excavation of a room on the northwest corner of the plaza 

 on the entry passage to the town. The room measures 11 feet by 

 11 feet, 8 inches, the north wall having 20 courses and the east 21. 

 The north wall of very good 

 masonry chinked with small tab- 

 lets of stone. The door in the 

 east wall is 28 inches square and 

 there is a small opening in the 

 south wall. Other walls inferior 

 masonry (pi. 8, a and b). 



Great number of flint flakes in 

 the room debris, all suitable for 

 cutting or scraping and many 

 rechipped or otherwise worked. 



A census of the artifacts from 

 this room follows : 3 metates, 10 

 handstones, 20 hammers, polish- 

 ing stones, iron and copper paint, 

 flakes, flake knives, hoes, arrow- 

 heads, drills, disk, bone awls, 

 picks, punches of antler, rings, 

 cut bones, marked bones, animal 

 bones, shell fragments, spindle 

 whorls, spoons, worked pottery, 

 handles, shards in order of fre- 

 quency — 1, red; 2, corrugated; 3, white; 4, various; charcoal, ashes 

 (no beams). 



Excavation on the east side of the passageway uncovered a 

 fireplace with small rocks burnt black. Near this was a burial of 

 an infant without offering. The child was very small, only the 

 skull plates remaining. 



Trenched on the south side of two low mounds 60 by 72 feet 

 diameter and 4 feet high. These mounds are about 132 feet between 

 centers and lie south 252 feet from the rear wall of the great pueblo 

 west of the draw. Soil deepens toward the center about one inch 

 to the foot. Soft, loose debris, with charcoal, ashes, flint chips, 



.S^S^"^-5^E4- 



BURIAL 

 IMBEDDED 

 IN CLAY 



FiGUKB 9.— Section of Plaza in Great Ruin 



