14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 78 



and small more flattened specimens grooved in a similar way. A 

 small and a large bilobed chipped ax were recovered. Hoes are rep- 

 resented by a spall of limestone, chipped and broad in front and 

 tapering toward the back. 



Pifes. — Short tubular pipes of soft stone were made at Grass- 

 hopper. The simpler form is a truncated cone of polished black 

 steatite. A larger has the exterior of the bowl roughened as though 

 to imitate a corncob. A third, of polished black stone, has a small 

 projection at one side by which the pipe was held. A specimen 

 found in a cave on Oak Creek is of the fine-mottled sea-green steatite 

 mentioned. This pipe, the property of Mrs. B. A. Jaques, was taken 

 from this cave, where it had likely been offered. The Apache Indian 

 who found it fled because he " heard voices." It is of the uncommon 

 type of the small pipe (pi. 9, figs. cu-d). The projection slants up- 

 ward. The workmanship of this pipe is excellent. 



A circular slab of sandstone having a projection and with traces 

 of a painted design and circular hole 2 inches in diameter in the 

 middle was found in a room south of the entrance passageway to the 

 main ruin. With it was found a large ax and a gray water vase. 

 This stone appears to be ceremonial, representing the sipapu or 

 entrance to the spiritual underworld. Several stones of this char- 

 acter have been found in ancient pueblos. 



Masses of red-paint stone were taken from excavations in rooms. 



The rarity of beads in this ruin is remarked. A few large beads of 

 black steatite occur and fragments of shell armlets were taken from 

 the debris. A few olivella shells were seen, also small carvings of 

 black steatite probably intended for necklace ornaments. 



There was no lack of bones of animals in the debris at Grass- 

 hopper, showing that there was abundance of game here at the time 

 of occupation, principally deer, and a fair amount of bird bones, 

 mostly turkey. Worked bones are numerous and consist of long 

 bones from which sections have been cut, rings, tubes, awls, antler 

 tips. There is little engraving of parallel lines on awls. Nine deer- 

 pelvis scrapers were found together in a room. The bone art differs 

 little from that figured in other reports and no new types are noted. 



Gray ti^are. — Typical gray or black and white ware referable to 

 the San Juan pottery of Kidder penetrated only sporadically below 

 the escarpment from which spring the Salt and Gila Rivers, usually 

 on the upper reaches of these streams. Of these sites Forestdale is 

 predominantly a gray site as is Blue, though in less degree. At 

 Grasshopper gray is in appreciable amount, the excavation count 

 giving 22 per cent. Whole specimens in burials are very few. 



Black-on-white ware, together with the same type in red, occur in 

 some amount at Grasshopper as the shard percentages in the excava- 



