ART. 13 WHITE MOUNTAIN APACHE RESERVATION — HOUGH 17 



white were to be had and the Pueblo potters hit upon the wash of 

 pure kaolin to produce the effect. Similarly they discovered the 

 red wash of iron ocher. Numerous tribes the world over had not ad- 

 vanced to this phase of the art. Partial slipping is seen in Rio 

 Grande pottery and some Zuni varieties. Absence of slip is seen in 

 Mohave, some Pima, Diegueno and other southern California tribes, 

 and most of the remaining United States. In the ceramic art in 

 general the use of slip has no especial classificatory value, but only 

 bears on the progress in the art. The use of slip also indicates the 

 need of a uniform background on ware intended to be decorated as 

 well as the desire for a uniform color. 



Chevlon ware possesses as strongly marked characteristics as any 

 other Pueblo pottery, and for this reason its occurrence in other 

 sites is a valuable clew to distribution. This ware may be expected 

 to occur in varying percentage in sites on or south of the Little 

 Colorado River, larger in sites from 35 miles south of the river to 

 the north front of the White and MogoUon ranges. Thus we find 

 at Chavez Pass and Pinedale much Chevlon ware associated with 

 yellow and red brown also at Four Mile and other sites in the Taylor 

 region. Here and there in sites east of Winslow to the Petrified 

 Forest pieces occur. Apparently none of the type is represented in 

 ancient Zuni ware. Homolobi, a short distance from Chevlon on the 

 north bank of the Little Colorado, shows a very small percentage. 

 Homolobi has yielded a great quantity of transitional Hopi ceramics 

 and it is probable that this ruin and Chevlon were not contempor- 

 aneous. The distribution of Chevlon ware south of the great 

 natural geographical obstacle of mountain and escarpment is quite 

 limited, more specimens being found at Grasshopper than in any 

 other sites examined below the " Rim." 



The principal forms of Chevlon ware are bowls, pots, and vases, 

 marked as mentioned with strong tribal characteristics of art. 

 Bowls are incurved with ample rounded sides and well proportioned 

 in the ratio of height to diameter. Pots are spherical with outcurv- 

 ing or straight rims. Vases are in general turnip shape with 

 straight collar. 



The decoration of Chevlon ware was laid on with a dense lustrous 

 black and kaolin. It is evident also that the ware was subjected to 

 hard firing. In the decoration the black preponderates and is out- 

 lined and otherwise set off by the kaolin, giving a striking contrast. 

 Sometimes the black is appliqued in small dots on the kaolin. 



The decorative designs of Chevlon ware have not reached the stage 

 of geometrization observed in most Pueblo wares. The patterns lie 

 between the conventional and realistic. The fundamental base of 

 four is generally not as an axis for the arrangement of designs. 



