20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 78 



in the ceramics of sites north of the mountains as at Four Mile and 

 Eldon Pueblo. 



Varicolored wares are well represented by fragments at Grasshop- 

 per. No specimens found with burials would indicate that the shards 

 are relics of the latest occupants of the pueblo. Also the distribu- 

 tion of the shards is greatest to the east of the main ruin in a swale 

 scoured by feurplus water. The colors are brown, red brown, deep 

 buff, and cream with varying designs. Polychrome ware is on buff, 

 the black designs having red additions. One fragment of a bowl 

 of light color paste has red exterior and black line decoration out- 

 lined with white. The interior is buff with black hachure and red 

 lines are the background. One specimen is decorated with red mat 

 and greenish lead glaze. A few shards of this class were !seen, 



NOTES ON APACHE INDIANS 



The present inhabitants of this region, occupying it long after the 

 pueblos were abandoned, are the White Mountain Apaches. These 

 Indians show little white mixture, but the present group is a medley 

 of remnants of other Apache tribes that have not survived the violent 

 contacts of a former period. 



The population in 1919 showed an increase from 1918 of 8. The 

 population in 1929 was 2,648 and the decrease from 1928 was 8. 

 Unless the benefits of modern healing and sanitation which have 

 been introduced by the Indian Office are successful, the "White Moun- 

 tain Apache are doomed to extinction. The Apache generally are 

 quite conservative and have been slow to take advantage of the bet- 

 terments offered them. On the material side, however, the Apache 

 have made great strides, adopting banking, costume, wagons, har- 

 ness, canned goods, and many other things from the white man. 



In housing, so far they maintain the earth floor, dome-shape lodge 

 whose structure is hidden by the masses of bear grass that cover it 

 (pi. 10, fig. h). Its affinity with the Navaho hogan is seen in the 

 vestibule. These houses are dark and unsanitary. Whenever there 

 are several houses forming a diffused cluster, open air arbors or 

 ramadas of southern origin appear (pi. 10, fig. c). These are as- 

 sembly places and furnish a grateful shade where various work may 

 be carried on. For a number of years the Apache have been en- 

 couraged to build houses of modern style, but probably on account 

 of the objection of the women there have been no results. 



The White Mountain Apache rank high in intelligence, take kindly 

 to education, are alert in business, and are first-class workers. Hun- 

 dreds of miles of good roads have replaced the trails over the reser- 

 vation and these were built by the Apache. 



