ART. y. HISTORY OF INVENTIONS HOUGH. 39 



without touching at its sides or free end the opening in this plate. 

 It was first introduced into Europe in 1770 by Prof. Kratzen- 

 stein, of St. Petersburg, but it was known in the Far East, as seen 

 in the Chinese Ching and instruments of the same cLass in Japan, 

 Siam, Burmah, and the Malay Archipelago. Examples of the free 

 reed are the harmonicon, mouth organ, accordion, and reed organ. 



No. 1. Chinese shalm or shawm (chHang-ti). Section of bamboo with thumb 

 hole and seven finger holes ; double reefl, a section of thin reed scraped 



down and flattened 94,864 



No. 2. Korean shalm (piri). Double reed, a section of bamboo worked down 



and flattened; thumb hole and seven finger holes 95,211 



No. 3. Chinese oboe (k'ad-ti). Tube of wood with conical bore; one thumb 

 hole and seven finger holes; mouth tube of brass, tapering; reed, sec- 

 tion of rice stalks tied on brass tube 96,575 



No. 4. Oboe or hautboy. Tube of wood; bore conical; four joints, six finger 

 holes, and thumb keys; mouth tube of brass; double reed of two 



pieces of cane 95,290 



No. 5. Egyptian clarinet {zummarali). Tube, section of bamboo open at both 

 ends; finger holes four; reed smaller section of bamboo, with tongue 

 cut and split on one side. 

 No. 6. Arabic double clarinet (mijioiz). Tubes two, of cane, with four finger 

 holes each, and two reeds also of cane. Similar to that of the zuni- 

 marah 92,863 



No. 7. European fagot or bassoon. Tube in four parts, of maple, with conical 

 bore, six finger holes, and eight keys; double reed of two pieces of 

 cane; mouthpiece set on a wing — 95,275 



No. S. Clarinet. Tube and bell of boxwood, with a conical bore, one thumb 

 hole, seven finger holes, and six keys; mouthpiece of rosewood, with 

 a single beating reed of cane lashed to it 55,618 



No. 9. Inverted double reed from Fort Simpson, Alaska. A tapering cylinder 

 of wood split, excavated to form a tube open at the upper end and 

 closed at the lower. The stock is then bound around with leather 

 thongs 20,700 



No. 10. Double inverted reed instrument from Bella Bella Indians. The same 

 as No. 9, but with the lashings perfect 20,699 



No. 11. Italian bagpipes (zampogna) . Bag the skin of a sheep. The pipes start 

 from a wooden stock inserted in the neck of the skin. It has one 

 chanter and three drones. Mouth tube of wood, set in one of the 

 legs of the animal 95,047 



No. 12. Harmonica or mouth organ. A free-reed instrument without tubes, 



55,662 



No. 13. Accordion. A free-reed instrument with a double bellows and key- 

 board 55,638 



No. 14. Cheng. Chinese mouth organ and free-reed Instrument, with tubes, 



96,657 



No. 15. Jew's-harps. A variety of reed instruments in which the vibration is 

 made by the finger of the player. The cavity of his mouth acts as a 

 resonator 95,559(2), 94,651 



No. 16. Japanese jew's-harp {mokuri) . In this the tongue is vibrated by a 

 string attached to it near its base 150,720 



No. 17. "Wooden jew's-harp from Sulu. This differs from the preceding in that 

 the frame of the instrument is vibrated instead of the tongue__ 5,692 



