AKT. 9. HISTORY OF INVENTIONS HOUGH. 41 



shaping and finishing, and the firing or baking is accomplished with- 

 out the aid of a furnace. 



In the center (pi. 41) is a Zuni woman building up and smoothing 

 the walls of a vase, using her fingers. When the shape is perfected, 

 a white wash is put on, and the surface is polished with a smooth 

 stone (right). The other woman paints the design in black and red 

 pigments with rude brushes (left), and the baking is later accom- 

 plished in a hot fire. 



Finished specimens of the work are shown. 



SERIES 1. IMPLEMENTS USED IN POTTEEY MAKING. 



Plate 45. 



The processes involved in the manufacture of earthenware are 

 varied, and the course of their development is perhaps better under- 

 stood than are the processes of other arts, because the plastic clay 

 has received and preserved the record in ways peculiar to itself. The 

 implements and devices are of several classes. There are the model- 

 ing tools, bits of gourd (No. 1), shell, wood, or bone; the modeling- 

 texturing tools, which serve for shaping and decorating at one and 

 the same time (Nos. 2 and 3) ; the polishing stones (No. 4) ; the in- 

 cising tools (No. 6) ; the brush (No. 7) ; stamps (No. 8) ; the mold 

 (No. 9) . Besides these there are devices for baking or firing, glazing, 

 and ornamenting, not shown here for want of room. 



No. 1. Modeling-texturing tools. Rolled back and forth over the soft clay. 

 Algonquian and Pueblo Indians 165,3T2 



No. 2. Modeling implements made of gourd shell. Pueblo Indians 47,925, 



165,373 (2) 



No. 3. Modeling-texturing paddles. Used in shaping and finishing earthenware. 

 Cherokee and Mohave Indians 10,329,132,990 



No. 4. Polishing stones. Used in shaping and finishing earthenware. Various 

 Indian tribes 82,953, 76,081, 197,124 



No. 5. Pointed tools used in incised decoration. Roman stylus and Indian 

 needles 115,575, 101, 795, (no number), 141,002, 126,610, 101,792 



No. 6. Modeling and decorating tools used by Mexican Indians 126,600, 



126,695, 126,594, 126,610, 126,597 



No. 7. Brushes of hair, frayed bark cord, and chewed straws, used in decorat- 

 ing pottery 126,635(3) , 126.601 (3) , 2476 



No. 8. Earthenware stamps for decorating pottery and impressions from them. 

 Mexico 133,195,133,188 



No. 9. Mold for shaping an ornament. Sevres, France. 



SERIES 2. — VASE. 



Plates 46 and 47. 



From the whole field of products of the ceramic art the vase alone 

 is chosen for illustration in this exhibit. The simplest forms are the 

 rude, unpolished cups and bowls of primitive tribes (Nos. 1, 2, and 3) . 



