AKT. ». HISTORY OF INVENTIONS HOUGH. 43 



No. 21. Old English stoneware. Turned on wheel ; slight glaze ; Iron Age_ 140,006 

 No. 22. Italian faience jar. Turned on wheel ; soft paste ; stannniferous 



glaze 94,977 



No. 23. Faience bottle; Kioto, Japan; crackled glaze 93,431 



No. 24. Bottle, English ; heaA^ glaze. 



No. 25. Faience bottle; Satsuraa ; enamel and gilt. Japan 94,734 



No. 26. Bottle; colored enamels; Kioto, Japan 94,578 



No. 27. Porcelain jar ; Copenhagen, Denmark. 



SERIES 5. potter's WHEEL. 



Plate 48. 



The potter's wheel was at first merely a crude device for turning 

 the work to a proper position in front of the potter without deform- 

 ing it. The support for the vessel may have been a slab of stone 

 at first lifted into the required position by the potter. Then the 

 necessity of freer movement would cause the use of supports which 

 rotate haltingly at first and gradually more freely, moved by the 

 hand of the potter. A vast improvement is seen in the continuously 

 rotating wheel moved by muscular energy at a speed sufficient to 

 admit of " spinning " the clay. Previously the clay was worked 

 with the wheel at rest between turnings to position, the vessel being 

 built up painstakingly with coil on coil of clay. Now clay in mass is 

 made to soar into form and the world-wide economic stage of cer- 

 amics is born. 



It is possible that in early times a dish-shaped stone was used for 

 supporting and revolving the vessel while in ]^rocess of building, as 

 among the Pueblo Indians. 



No. 1. Shallow earthenware dish used for supporting and revolving the vessel 



while in process of building. Pueblo Indians. 

 No. 2. Cylindrical block, a form of wheel in use by the primitive potters of 



Yucatan. It is revolved between the soles of the potter's feet on a 



soaped or greased board while the shaping of the vessel goes on. 

 J^o. 3. Egyptian wheel, restored from an ancient mural painting. 

 No. 4. Kick wheel of simple form. The feet of the potter are employed to 



revolve a disk attached by a vertical shaft to the wheel upon which 



the modeling is done. 

 No. 5. Kick wheel in which the wheel is revolved by a lever operated by the 



potter's foot. 

 No. 6. Wheel with mechanical contrivance for relieving the potter of the 



necessity of operating the wheel. 

 No. 7. Model of wheel of highest type. Rookwood pottery, Cincinnati, Ohio. 



SERIES 4. — GLASS. 



Plate 49. 



The use of glass began in prehistoric times, doubtless in what is 

 known as the Bronze Age. The accidental melting of silicious ma- 

 terial in potter}^ kilns and in furnaces- for reducing metals naturally 

 led to the manipulation of the plastic substance, and the beauty of 



