AET. ». HISTORY OF INVENTIONS — HOUGH. 7 



Gas has also shared in the progress, as displayed in the Welsbach 

 incandescent gas burner. 



Far from being superseded by these inventions, coal-oil lamps have 

 kept pace with them in brilliancy and usefulness. 



No. 1. Firefly lamp. Perforated tree gourd in which fireflies are confined for 



light. West Indies. 



No. 2. Lamp made from the skull of a sheep . 178,186 



No. 3. Lamp. Pecten shell with oil and wick of rush pith mounted on a forked 



branch. Ainos, Japan 178,187 



No. 4. Lamp. Unworked beach stone, with concavity, supplied with fiber wick 



and oil. Aleuts, Alaska 13.017 



No. 5. Lamp. Hollowed beach stone with moss wick arranged along one edge. 



Eskimos, Alaska 16,900 



No. 6. Lamp. Fusus shell suspended. Orkney Islands 178,188 



No. 7. Saucer lamp with shallow grooves for wick. India. 



No. 8. Lamp. Terra-cotta saucer. India 164,920 



No. 9. Saucer lamp with pinched-up spout for wick. Ancient Syria. 



No. 10. Stone lamp with pointed spout. Cashmere, India. 



No. 11. Lamp of terra cotta. Reservoir almost closed over; spout for wick. 



Roman 74,561 



No. 12. Lamp of terra cotta. Reservoir closed over; spout for wick. Roman. 



175,583 

 No. 13. Lamp of brass. Reservoir mounted on rod and stand ; several spouts. 



Italian 129,400 



No. 14. Lamp. Designed to furnish oil to the wick under pressura Cape Cod, 



Massachusetts. Colonial period 151,483 



No. 15. Lamp of glass having two tubes, for burning lard or whale oil. United 



States. Eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries 1S0,610 



No. 16. Lamp, with chimney, draft aroimd the wick, and oil under pressure. 



Argand's invention. United States 130,667 



No. 17. Lamp. " Fluid " or camphene, burned by means of wick and tubes and 



without chimney. United States 178,189 



No. 18. Lamp, with chimney and Argand burner, oil under forced pressure of 



a spring. France 130,669 



No. 19. Lamp, with chimney ; burner ventilated ; tubular wick, raising refined 



petroleum by capillarity. United States, 1876 73,829 



No. 20. Gas burner. United States 178,190 



No. 21. Electric arc lamp. (No cut.) The familiar arc lamp would appear here. 



No. 22. Incandescent hood for gas burner. Welsbach's invention 178,192 



No. 23. Incandescent electric lamp 178,191 



SERIES 4. — COOKIXG UTENSILS. 



Plate 7. 



The history of cooking begins with the camp fire. At first the 

 methods were confined to broiling and roasting by the direct applica- 

 tion of heat, illustrated in the series by broiling sticks and the grid- 

 iron (Nos. 1 and 2). The next step is frying, illustrated by the two 

 specimens embraced in No. 3. 



Baking is illustrated by baking dishes and the primitive earth 

 oven and the familiar form of portable oven (Nos. 4, 5, and 6). 



