10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. 60. 



No. 6. Spoon with elaborately carved handle of horn joined to bowl. Alaska, 



88,907 



No. 7. Spoon painted and decorated with geometric and conventional figures in 

 black and red. Alaska 37,119 



No. 8. Spoons of metal. Bronze spoon, Rome ; pewter spoon,England. Mod- 

 ern pewter spoon, England 101, 164, 175, 296 



SERIES 3. — CUP. 



Plate 10. 



The cup is older than the spoon and may well claim to be the most 

 ancient utensil from its connection with water drinking. Theoret- 

 ically, the partially closed hand and folded leaf are the most primi- 

 tive cups. This series epitomizes the progress of drinking vessels 

 and includes sea shells, cups made by bisecting hard rinds of fruit, 

 and cups belonging to the class of tumblers. Cups wdth stable bases, 

 cups with handles, cups of lacquer and metal, and cups of china 

 complete the series. 



The wide diffusion of cups in time and area renders it possible to 

 select specimens which illustrate the effect of environment. Cups 

 have been made of every conceivable material, and numerous natural 

 forms have been adapted for the purpose. 



The cup has also been made an expression of art and luxury from 

 the most ancient times, and the most precious materials and cunning 

 skill have been lavished on its manufacture. 



No.l. Shells used as drinking cups. Africa and Mexico 174,733,174,494 



No. 2. Cups made by bisecting the coconut and tree gourd. Fiji Islands and 



South America 164,775, 487 



No. 3. Cups made of gourd and an imitative pottery form. South America 



and Arizona 128,324 



No. 4. Cups without foot or base for support. Tree knot and horn. New 



Mexico and Wyoming 68,450, 165,895 



No. 5. Basket cup. Apaches, Arizona. 



No. 6. Cups having base or foot. Pottery and bamboo. China and India, 



130,453, 130,341 

 No. 7. Cups and handles. Pottery and wood, decorated. New Mexico and 



Africa . 40,643 



No. 8. Cups of lacquer, metal, and elaborately carved coconut with cover. 



Burma and China 154,224, 176,651 



SERIES 4. — TOBACCO PIPE. 



Plate 11. 



The pipe is a utensil for smoking tobacco or other plants and is 

 later in point of invention than the cane cigarette or bundle of rolled 

 leaves known as the cigar. 



The first three numbers of the series show simple pipes, consist- 

 ing of straight tubes of bone and wood, and curved pipes, in which 



